Similar songs, but different mate localization strategies of the three species of Phaneroptera occurring in Western Europe (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae)

Abstract

http://www.eje.cz forming behaviour in these species have recognized two basic types, one in which calling males approach acoustically responding females and one in which the females are mute and approach calling males, and there are also species in which both sexes move towards each other (e.g., Zhantiev & Korsunovskaya, 1986). Among long-winged North American phaneropterids, however, Spooner reports more complicated types of mating behaviour (reviewed in Spooner, 1995). Here the females always produce sounds, but the males use different acoustical signals. Thus, mobile males of Phaneroptera could also use other mate fi nding strategies, possibly more similar to the ancestral situation reported in long-winged tropical phaneropterines.Phaneroptera Serville, 1831 is a widespread genus with ca. 36 species occurring nearly everywhere in the tropics of the Old World (Ragge, 1956). In Europe, four species are known. P. spinosa Bey-Bienko, 1954, which occurs only in the East of the continent (westernmost point Danube

The calling songs of some katydids (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea) from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia

“…Euanisous teuthroides have squarish teeth on the stridulatory file, with an indentation in the middle of each tooth. Phaneroptera brevis have two parts to their stridulatory file, with a shorter anal half (with smaller teeth) and longer basal half (with larger teeth), as is typical for the genus Phaneroptera (Heller et al 2017(Heller et al , 2021b. This may contribute to the different call parameters in various parts of the calling songs that have been observed in Sphagniana sphagnorum (Walker, 1869) and an eneopterine cricket Eneoptera guyanensis Chopard, 1931 (see Morris andPipher 1972, Robillard et al 2015).…”

Acoustic signalling in Orthoptera

“…Instead both male and female use vibrational signal to attract mates (Weissman et al, 2021) Courtship vibrational signal (Weissman et al, 2021) Tettigoniidae (bushcrickets/katydids): Bradyporinae: Bradyporini and Zichyini Either male or female can produce a calling song and the other sex then performs phonotaxis (Elaeva and Korsunovskaya, 2012;Korsunovskaya, 2008) Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini Some species perform duets similar to those in Phaneropterinae, see below (Pfau and Pfau, 2015) Aggressive song by both males and females (Hartley, 1993) Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae Most species perform a duet in which the male sings and the female responds (Bailey, 2003). Males may change the content or pattern of their song once they get a reply from a female (Heller et al, 2021) Sex that approaches varies between and within species: can be male, female, either or both. Which sex approaches may depend on the size of the nuptial gift the female receives (McCartney et al, 2012) or on the balance of risks incurred by moving (e.g.…”

“…. He may also sing more quietly so he can only be heard by an individual close by, which is likely to be the female, as for example in Anaulacomera almadaenis and Phaneroptera sparsa (Heller et al, 2021). In some species, males add an element to their own calling song that masks the female reply and prevents other males from hearing it while still being able to hear it themselves (e.g.…”

Efficacy constraints on female directional preference stabilize a male call component in a multimodal cricket duet

“…Many animals across diverse taxa, however, use bidirectional, call-and-response duetting to locate mates (Bailey, 2003;Pika et al, 2018). In these dyadic interactions, both individuals produce signals, and males take on some or all of the searching role (Heller, 1992;Heller et al, 2021;Scherberich et al, 2017). To understand mate-finding interactions in these species, it is therefore necessary to consider the signals produced by both animals.…”