Similarities and differences between incestuous and nonincestuous rape in a French follow‐up study

Darves‐Bornoz, Jean‐Michel; Berger, Christian; Degiovanni, A; Gaillard, Philippe; Lépine, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1023/a:1024713017052

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous studies that have contrasted the effects of HB trauma with those of other forms of trauma have investigated samples of inpatients (Atlas & Ingram, 1998), abuse survivors (Leahy et al, 2004; Lucenko, Gold, & Cott, 2000), juvenile delinquents (Plattner et al, 2003), or individuals with chronic pain or health problems (Freyd, Klest & Allard, 2005). Others have limited the sample to survivors of sexual trauma (Darves-Bornoz, Berger, Degiovanni, Gaillard, & Lépine, 1999; Ullman, 2007). Thus we know little about the relation between HB trauma and health outcomes in more general, nonreferred populations who may encounter health care providers in diverse outpatient settings.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betrayal Trauma

Goldsmith

Freyd

DePrince

2011

J Interpers Violence

130

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Betrayal trauma, or trauma perpetrated by someone with whom a victim is close, is strongly associated with a range of negative psychological and physical health outcomes. However, few studies have examined associations between different forms of trauma and emotional and physical symptoms. The present study compared betrayal trauma to other forms of trauma as predictors of young adults' psychological and physical symptoms, and explored potential mediators. A total of 185 university undergraduate students completed the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey, the Trauma Symptom Checklist, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness. For each set of symptoms, simultaneous multiple regressions assessed the relative contributions of low versus high betrayal trauma to psychological and physical health reports. Structural equation models examined traumatic stress symptoms and alexithymia as mediators of the relationship between betrayal trauma and physical health symptoms. A total of 151 participants (82%) reported exposure to at least 1 of 11 forms of trauma queried (M = 2.08, SD = 1.94); 96 participants (51.9%) reported at least 1 betrayal trauma. Traumas characterized by high betrayal predicted alexithymia, anxiety, depression, dissociation, physical health complaints, and the number of days students reported being sick during the past month, whereas other traumas did not. Structural equation modeling revealed that traumatic stress symptoms and alexithymia mediated the association between betrayal trauma and physical health complaints. These results indicate that betrayal trauma is associated with young adults' physical and mental health difficulties to a greater extent than are other forms of trauma. Results may inform assessment, intervention, and prevention efforts.

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Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betrayal Trauma

Goldsmith

Freyd

DePrince

2011

J Interpers Violence

130

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“…In 1997, there were nearly 11,000 sexual assaults reported in Canada. Children and adolescents made of 60% of all reported sexual assaults, and family members were responsible for one-third of all of these, girls and boys being victimized in roughly equal proportions (87). Available international data suggest that one in five women in the world has been physically or sexually assaulted at some time in their lives (1 women are forcibly raped each year and that 84%> of rape victims did not report the offense to the police.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual violence among a cohort of injection drug users

Braitstein

Tyndall

et al. 2003

Social Science & Medicine

113

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, sexual violence in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, among injection drug using men and women. The Vancouver Injection Drug User Study is a prospective cohort of injection drug users (IDU) begun in 1996. The analysis included all individuals who completed the baseline questionnaire who responded to a question about sexual assault. Multivariate modeling was used to determine and to what extent a history of sexual violence at different ages is predictive of HIV risk and other health risk behaviors. HIV prevalence was calculated as the total current number of HIV-positive individuals in the cohort. Of the 1437 eligible individuals, 36% reported a lifetime history of sexual violence; 68% of women, and 19% of men (p<0.001). After adjusting for fixed sociodemographics, these individuals were more likely to have ever been in the sex trade, to knowingly share needles/rigs with HIV-positive people, to have attempted suicide, to have ever accidentally overdosed, to binge on alcohol, and to have been diagnosed with a mental disorder/disability. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in this cohort is 21%; 33% for women, and 13% for men. The data show a dose-response relationship between age at first sexual violence and most risk behaviors examined. These relationships are further mediated by gender. The prevalence of HIV among individuals who ever experienced sexual violence was 25%, compared to 19% among those who never experienced sexual violence (p=0.006). Sexual violence, and especially child sexual abuse, is highly prevalent among this cohort, particularly among women. Child sexual abuse has worse consequences for both genders than sexual violence later in life. Nevertheless, women and men are affected differently by sexual violence at different ages, and this has significant implications for health promotion programs, and specifically HIV prevention.

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“…Although rape is only one of the events leading to trauma, rape appears as the most frequent traumatic experience in peacetime (Foa & Riggs, 1993). In a sixth-month follow-up study of rape victims (Darves-Bornoz, Berger, Degiovanni, Gaillard, & Lépine 1999), the main DSM-IV disorders following rape were found to be somatoform disorders (65% of victims), PTSD (61%) and dissociative disorders (60%). Peritraumatic but persistent dissociation was also found among the predictive factors of chronic PTSD one year after trauma (Darves-Bornoz et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Somatoform Dissociation in French Psychiatric Outpatients

El‐Hage

Darves‐Bornoz

Allilaire

et al. 2002

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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Objective: Somatoform dissociative phenomena have long existed in psychiatric nosology but few quantitative data exist. This study aims at substantiating the association between trauma and somatoform dissociation, and presenting elements of validation of the French version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire . Indeed, the SDQ-20 is a simple to use self-report questionnaire developed to quantify somatoform dissociative symptoms. Methods: One hundred forty psychiatric outpatients consulting consecutively in the University Hospital in Tours, France, were included, and filled in the SDQ-20, the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), an inventory of traumatic experiences, and underwent a structured interview (CAPS) for diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to the DSM-IV criteria. Results: We found a strong association between the SDQ-20 mean score and current PTSD or past PTSD. The Principal Components Analysis of this French version yielded a solution containing three factors: sensory neglect, subjective reactions to perceptive distortions, vigilance modulation disturbance. The reliability of this French version was studied through the Cronbach's α coefficient (0.83). Both scales of dissociation used in our study (DES, were shown to be highly correlated. Conclusion: This study confirms the strong association between trauma and dissociative symptoms as a whole, including somatoform dissociation. The SDQ-20 appeared to be a potentially useful screening instrument for dissociative disorders. It shed light on a "sub-dimension" of the dissociative phenomenon, when expressed in a somatic way.

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Similarities and differences between incestuous and nonincestuous rape in a French follow‐up study

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Betrayal Trauma

Betrayal Trauma

Sexual violence among a cohort of injection drug users

Posttraumatic Somatoform Dissociation in French Psychiatric Outpatients

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