Similarities in precursory features in seismic shocks and epileptic seizures

Kapiris, P.; Polygiannakis, J.; Li, X.; Yao, Xin; Eftaxias, K.

doi:10.1209/epl/i2004-10383-2

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We underline that the herein found distinct alterations as an intense MS approaches (e.g. transition from anti-persistency to persistency) were previously observed in the cases of seismic shocks and epileptic seizures (Kapiris et al, 2005), and thus imply a degree of universality in the behavior of these extreme events around their final stage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

From pre-storm activity to magnetic storms: a transition described in terms of fractal dynamics

Balasis

Daglis²,

Kapiris³

et al. 2006

Ann. Geophys.

106

126

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Abstract. We show that distinct changes in scaling parameters of the D st index time series occur as an intense magnetic storm approaches, revealing a gradual reduction in complexity. The remarkable acceleration of energy release -manifested in the increase in susceptibility -couples to the transition from anti-persistent (negative feedback) to persistent (positive feedback) behavior and indicates that the occurence of an intense magnetic storm is imminent. The main driver of the D st index, the V B South electric field component, does not reveal a similar transition to persistency prior to the storm. This indicates that while the magnetosphere is mostly driven by the solar wind the critical feature of persistency in the magnetosphere is the result of a combination of solar wind and internal magnetospheric activity rather than solar wind variations alone. Our results suggest that the development of an intense magnetic storm can be studied in terms of "intermittent criticality" that is of a more general character than the classical self-organized criticality phenomena, implying the predictability of the magnetosphere.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

From pre-storm activity to magnetic storms: a transition described in terms of fractal dynamics

Balasis

Daglis²,

Kapiris³

et al. 2006

Ann. Geophys.

106

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sornette and Helmstetter (2002) have presented occurrence of finite-time singularities in epidemics, of rupture earthquakes and starquakes. Kapiris et al (2005) and Eftaxias et al (2006) reported similarities in precursory features in seismic shocks and epileptic seizures. Osario et al (2007) have suggested that an epileptic seizure could be considered as a quake of the brain.…”

Section: View Of Candidate Precursory Patterns In Terms Of Complexitymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent results indicate that the recorded EM precursors contain information characteristic of an ensuing seismic event (e.g., Eftaxias et al, 2002Eftaxias et al, , 2004Eftaxias et al, , 2006Eftaxias et al, , 2007Kapiris et al, 2004Kapiris et al, , 2005Contoyiannis et al, 2005;Contoyiannis and Eftaxias, 2008;Kalimeri et al, 2008;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the procedure of characterizing recorded ultra low frequency, kHZ and MHz electromagetic anomalies prior to the L'Aquila earthquake as pre-seismic ones – Part 1

Eftaxias

Athanasopoulou

Balasis

et al. 2009

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Ultra low frequency, kHz and MHz electromagnetic (EM) anomalies were recorded prior to the L'Aquila catastrophic earthquake that occurred on 6 April 2009. The main aims of this paper are threefold: (i) suggest a procedure for the designation of detected EM anomalies as seismogenic ones. We do not expect to be able to provide a succinct and solid definition of a pre-seismic EM emission. Instead, we aim, through a multidisciplinary analysis, to provide the elements of a definition. (ii) Link the detected MHz and kHz EM anomalies with equivalent last stages of the earthquake preparation process. (iii) Put forward physically meaningful arguments for quantifying the time to global failure and the identification of distinguishing features beyond which the evolution towards global failure becomes irreversible. We emphasize that we try to specify not only whether a single EM anomaly is pre-seismic in itself, but also whether a combination of kHz, MHz, and ULF EM anomalies can be characterized as pre-seismic. The entire procedure unfolds in two consecutive parts. Here in Part 1 we focus on the detected kHz EM anomaly, which play a crucial role in our approach to these challenges. We try to discriminate clearly this anomaly from background noise. For this purpose, we analyze the data successively in terms of various concepts of entropy and information theory including, Shannon n-block entropy, conditional entropy, entropy of the Correspondence to: K. Eftaxias (ceftax@phys.uoa.gr) source, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, T -entropy, approximate entropy, fractal spectral analysis, R/S analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis. We argue that this analysis reliably distinguishes the candidate kHz EM precursor from the noise: the launch of anomalies from the normal state is combined by a simultaneous appearance of a significantly higher level of organization, and persistency. This finding indicates that the process in which the anomalies are rooted is governed by a positive feedback mechanism. This mechanism induces a non-equilibrium process, i.e., a catastrophic event. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the two crucial signatures included in the kHz EM precursor are also hidden in other quite different, complex catastrophic events as predicted by the theory of complex systems. However, our view is that such an analysis by itself cannot establish a kHz EM anomaly as a precursor. It likely offers necessary but not sufficient criteria in order to recognize an anomaly as preseismic. In Part 2 we aim to provide sufficient criteria: the fracture process is characterized by fundamental universally valid scaling relationships which should be reflected in a real fracto-electromagnetic activity. Moreover, we aim to answer the following two key questions: (i) How can we link an individual EM precursor with a distinctive stage of the EQ preparation process; and (ii) How can we identify precursory symptoms in EM observations that indicate that the occurrence of the EQ is unavoidable.

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“…In general, authors have suggested that EQ's dynamics and neurodynamics can be analyzed within similar mathematical frameworks [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127]. Characteristically, driven systems of interconnected blocks with stick-slip friction capture the main features of EQ process.…”

Section: Universality Among Various Geophysical and Biological Catastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance of common "pathological" symptoms, i.e, high organization, persistency, and acceleratin energy release accompanies the emergence of kHz EM precursors and seizures [124][125][126]. More recently, Osorio et al [127] have shown that a dynamical analogy supported by five scale-free statistics , namely, the Gutenberg-Richter distribution of event sizes, the distribution of interevent intervals, the Omori and inverse Omori laws, and the conditional waiting time until the next event, is shown to exist between seizures and EQs.…”

Section: Universality Among Various Geophysical and Biological Catastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Pre-Seismic Electromagnetic Precursors? A Multidisciplinary Approach

Eftaxias¹

2012

Earthquake Research and Analysis - Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning

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11www.intechopen.com 2 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH spectrum ranging from kHz to MHz are produced by opening cracks, which can be considered as the so-called precursors of general fracture. The radiated EM precursors are detectable both at a laboratory [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and geological scale .Data collection: Since 1994, a station has been installed and operated at a mountainous site of Zante island (37.76 o N − 20.76 o E) in the Ionian Sea (western Greece). The main aim of this station is the detection of kHz-MHz EM precursors. Six loop antennas detect the three components (EW, NS, and vertical) of the variations of the magnetic field at 3 kHz and 10 kHz respectively; three vertical λ/2 electric dipoles detect the electric field variations at 41, 54 MHz, and 135 MHz respectively. These frequencies were selected in order to minimize the effects of the sources of man-made noise in the mountain area of the Zante Island. Moreover, two Short Thin Wire Antennas, oriented at EW and NS directions of length of 100 m, respectively, have been also installed. The aim of the last installation is the detection of ultra-low-frequency (< 1Hz) EM precursors rooted in a preseismic lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere-coupling. All the EM time series were sampled at 1 Hz. Such an experimental setup helps to specify not only whether or not a single EM anomaly is preseismic in itself, but also whether a sequence of EM disturbances at different frequencies, which are emerged one after the other in a short time period, could be characterized as preseismic one. Clear such EM precursors have been detected over periods ranging from approximately a week to a few hours prior to catastrophic EQs that occurred in Greece or Italy (e.g., [21,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]). We emphasize that the detected precursors were associated with EQs: (i) occurred in land (or near coast-line); (ii) were strong, i.e., with magnitude 6 or larger; and (iii) were shallow. Recent results indicate that the recorded EM precursors contain information characteristic of an ensuing seismic event (e.g., [21,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]).An important feature, observed both at laboratory and geophysical scale, is that it the MHz radiation precedes the kHz one [25,[27][28][29]35,36]. Studies on the small (laboratory) scale reveal that the kHz EM emission is launched in the tail of pre-fracture EM emission from 97% up to 100% of the corresponding failure strength [25 and references therein]. At the geophysical scale the kHz EM precursors are emerged from a few days up to a few hours before the EQ occurrence. The association of MHz, kHz EM precursors with the last stages of EQ generation is justified.The origin of EM emissions. The origin of EM emissions from fracture is not completely clear, and different attempts have been made in order to explain it [8, 32 and references therein]. A relevant attempt is related to the "capacitor model" [32]. In many materials, emission of photons, electrons, ions and neutral p...

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Similarities in precursory features in seismic shocks and epileptic seizures

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

From pre-storm activity to magnetic storms: a transition described in terms of fractal dynamics

From pre-storm activity to magnetic storms: a transition described in terms of fractal dynamics

Unfolding the procedure of characterizing recorded ultra low frequency, kHZ and MHz electromagetic anomalies prior to the L'Aquila earthquake as pre-seismic ones – Part 1

Are There Pre-Seismic Electromagnetic Precursors? A Multidisciplinary Approach

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