Similarity between French and English words?a factor to be considered in bilingual language behavior?

Uncovering the cognitive duality of bilinguals through word association

“…In their study, they criticized earlier word-association research (e.g., Taylor, 1976) because when only two word-association sessions are conducted, one in each language, there is not a within-language, within-subject baseline with which to compare those results. So in a third session they administered the test in the same language as in the first session to a subset of their subjects.…”

“…Because word-association tasks have proved to be useful in tapping into individuals' conceptual schemas, the methodology suggested in this article to uncover bilinguals' cognitive duality will utilize a word-association paradigm. The present guidelines adapt and improve on methods from Taylor (1976) and Van Hell and de Groot (1998). Taylor's (1976) study examined the degree to which two translation-equivalent words elicit similar associates in different languages.…”

“…The present guidelines adapt and improve on methods from Taylor (1976) and Van Hell and de Groot (1998). Taylor's (1976) study examined the degree to which two translation-equivalent words elicit similar associates in different languages. The research consisted of administering a continued word-association task in which subjects had to produce a list of associates when presented with a key word.…”

“…Word-association tasks have been used in bilingual research on a number of occasions (Kolers, 1963;Luna & Peracchio, 1999;Taylor, 1976;Van Hell & de Groot, 1998). Word associations are considered appropriate to examine an individual's conceptual structure because, as previous studies suggest, the vast majority of associative responses are related in meaning to the presented stimulus words.…”

Modeling bilingual word associations as connected monolingual networks

“…Non-native speakers often produce responses that are translation equivalents of responses they would give in their native language (Meara, 1978) -in other words, L1 mediates their L2 responses (Nam, 2014). Such translations are produced more frequently when the cue word and its translation are cognates 2 (Taylor, 1976;van Hell and de Groot, 1998). Also, collocational responses (called 'syntagmatic'; e.g., duty-free, opportunity-take : Politzer, 1978;Riegel and Zivian, 1972) and phonological responses (favorflavor: Meara, 1978;Namei, 2004) tend to be produced by non-native speakers more frequently than by monolinguals.…”