Similarity in ruthenium damage induced by photons with different energies: From visible light to hard X-rays

Milov, Igor; Lipp, Vladimir; Ilnitsky, D. K.; Medvedev, Nikita; Migdal, K. P.; Zhakhovsky, V. V.; Хохлов, В. А.; Petrov, Yu. V.; Inogamov, N. A.; Semin, Sergey; Kimel, A. V.; Ziaja, Beata; Makhotkin, Igor A.; Louis, Eric; Bijkerk, F.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143973

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In materials where electron-ion coupling is fast, such as ruthenium 58 , 59 (estimated in XTANT-3 to be , also in a reasonable agreement with other evaluations 60 ), the nonthermal phase transition into the bcc phase has a short lifetime. Shortly after that, thermal melting of the new phase starts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Nonthermal phase transitions in metals

Medvedev

Milov

2020

Sci Rep

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It is well known that sufficiently thick metals irradiated with ultrafast laser pulses exhibit phonon hardening, in contrast to ultrafast nonthermal melting in covalently bonded materials. It is still an open question how finite size metals react to irradiation. We show theoretically that generally metals, under high electronic excitation, undergo nonthermal phase transitions if material expansion is allowed (e.g. in finite samples). The nonthermal phase transitions are induced via an increase of the electronic pressure which leads to metal expansion. This, in turn, destabilizes the lattice triggering a phase transition without a thermal electron-ion coupling mechanism involved. We find that hexagonal close-packed metals exhibit a diffusionless transition into a cubic phase, whereas metals with a cubic lattice melt. In contrast to covalent solids, nonthermal phase transitions in metals are not ultrafast, predicative on the lattice expansion. Ultrafast deposition of high energy density into a solid target creates far-from-equilibrium states of matter with unusual properties that are not achievable in equilibrium states 1-3. Such a material with dynamically changing properties poses fundamental difficulties for a theoretical description, as it occupies the gap in standard methods between the solid state, plasma, chemical physics, and other disciplines 4,5. Such energy deposition may be realized via irradiation of the target with intense femtosecond laser pulses, in particular from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) such as e.g. LCLS 6 , SACLA 7 , EuXFEL 8 , etc. In an irradiated solid, energy deposition by photons excites primarily the electronic system 9. Excited electrons transfer their energy to the ions, which may result in material modifications 10. Upon ultrafast energy deposition into an electronic system of a material, there are two typical scenarios of material damage. Energy transfer via electronphonon (or, more generally, electron-ion) coupling leads to heating of the atomic system, which, when exceeding the melting threshold, leads to atomic disordering. Alternatively, electronic excitation may affect the interatomic potential and destabilize the lattice without any electron-ion coupling involved. Such a mechanism is known as nonthermal melting, and has been demonstrated to take place in highly excited covalently bonded materials 1,11,12. Since the original work by Recoules et al. 13 , it is generally accepted in the laser-mater interaction community that metals do not melt nonthermally. Indeed, it was shown that bulk metals typically exhibit hardening of phonon modes under intense electronic excitation, in contrast to covalently bonded materials 12-14 , materials with mixed ionic-covalent bonds 15,16 , or with Peierls distortions 17. Absence of nonthermal melting in metals was confirmed in numerous subsequent ab-initio simulations for various metals, see e.g. Ref. 18. Experimental evidence supported this conclusion 19,20. On the other hand, softening of phonon modes in gold nanospheres was reported in R...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Nonthermal phase transitions in metals

Medvedev

Milov

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Powerful pulsed X-ray is radiated outward as an expanding X-ray fireball, which can be approximated as a blackbody [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Therefore, the X-ray energy spectrum is approximated as the blackbody radiation spectrum.…”

Section: Experimental System and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blow-Off Impulse Equivalence of Typical Missile Homogeneous Al-Alloy under Multienergy Composite Spectrum Electron Beam and Powerful Pulsed X-ray

et al. 2021

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The electron beam, one of the most effective approaches to simulate the irradiation effects of powerful pulsed X-ray in the laboratory, plays an important role in simulating the thermodynamic effects of powerful pulsed X-ray. This paper studies the thermodynamics equivalence between multienergy composite spectrum electron beam and blackbody spectrum X-ray, which is helpful to quickly determine the experimental parameters in the simulation experiment. The experimental data of electron beam are extrapolated by numerical calculation, to increase the range of energy flux. Through calculating the blow-off impulse of blackbody spectrum X-ray irradiation, we obtained the curve of X-ray blow-off impulse varying with energy flux, and then found two categories of equivalent relations—equal-energy flux and equal-impulse—by analyzing the calculation results of electron beam and X-ray blow-off impulse. Based on such relations, we could directly or indirectly obtain the results of blackbody spectrum X-ray irradiation blow-off impulse via electron beam experiment.

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“…UV irradiation comprises electromagnetic waves invisible to humans but visible to many insects and birds. Also, UV irradiation is a form of electromagnetic energy, having a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than x-rays ( Lu et al 2019 , Milov et al 2020 ). Commonly, black lights and mercury lamps are specific lights in UV ( Hinds et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Uv Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%