Simple and convenient microfluidic flow rate measurement based on microbubble image velocimetry

Tang, Man; Liu, Feng; Lei, Jia; Ai, Zhao; Hong, Shao-Li; Zhang, Nangang; Liu, Kan

doi:10.1007/s10404-019-2285-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Several innovative approaches have been developed to address flow rate measurement challenges in microfluidics. For example, Tang et al [23] proposed a micro-bubble image velocimetry flow sensor using gas-permeable PDMS, enabling non-disruptive, real-time flow measurement in microfluidic setups. Similarly, [24] introduced a microfluidic flow sensor based on a cantilever-based opto-fluidics system, achieving real-time flow rate detection within a wide range but facing challenges in eliminating errors stemming from temperature fluctuations and changes in liquid refractive indices.…”

Section: Fig 1: Principles Of Physics For Flow Rate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the coulometric data for on-chip flow rate detection as a first order decay problem in a microfluidic device

Deswal,

Pandey,

Singh

et al. 2024

Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems XXII

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On-chip detection of flow rates in microfluidics is critical to lab-on-chip technology. Thermal sensing techniques although widely used are limited by temperature rise of the fluid and issues involving integration inside a microchannel. Electrochemical methods present a reliable alternative. Among the widely used electrochemical techniques, Coulometry measures the charge consumed in a redox reaction at electrode surface. In present work, constant potential coulometry at 2V was performed using an electrochemical workstation on Titanium-Platinum microelectrodes (micropatterned on Si wafer substrate) submerged in a moving 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte solution. The sensing platform consists of Si wafer plasma bonded to a PDMS (poly-dimethyl siloxane) microchannel on top of the electrodes. For a constant applied voltage, the rate of decay of current with time is observed to be a function of the flow rate (flux of ions per unit time). As the flow rate increased, the ions available at the electrode surface increased per unit time leading to slower decay rates. The model equation for current-time curve was obtained as I = αe-(t/τ); where α = 0.0002 ± (1% of 0.0002) and τ = 0.312 to 0.797 for electrolyte (0.1 M NaCl) flow rates ranging from 0 to 200 μL/min. The sensitivity and 3σ resolution of the flow sensor are 0.10 sec/(μL/min)/mm2 and 3.64 μL/min respectively. This work models the coulometric current-time curve as a first order decay problem.

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Section: Fig 1: Principles Of Physics For Flow Rate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the coulometric data for on-chip flow rate detection as a first order decay problem in a microfluidic device

Deswal,

Pandey,

Singh

et al. 2024

Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems XXII

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optical flow meters can be divided into two main categories: particle or Doppler velocimetry. Tracking a microparticle (Salipante et al 2017) or a microbubble (Chen et al 2019;Tang et al 2019) with a microscope and measuring how far the objects move within a certain time-period enables the measurement of flow velocity. In Doppler velocimetry, the moving particle modulates interference fringes with a rate proportional to its velocity (Czarske et al 2002;Campagnolo et al 2013;Stern et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip flow rate sensing via membrane deformation and bistability probed by microwave resonators

Secme

Pisheh

Tefek

et al. 2023

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Precise monitoring of fluid flow rates constitutes an integral problem in various lab-on-a-chip applications. While off-chip flow sensors are commonly used, new sensing mechanisms are being investigated to address the needs of increasingly complex lab-on-a-chip platforms which require local and non-intrusive flow rate sensing. In this regard, the deformability of microfluidic components has recently attracted attention as an on-chip sensing mechanism. To develop an on-chip flow rate sensor, here we utilized the mechanical deformations of a 220 nm thick Silicon Nitride membrane integrated with the microfluidic channel. Applied pressure and fluid flow induce different modes of deformations on the membrane, which are electronically probed by an integrated microwave resonator. The flow changes the capacitance, and in turn resonance frequency, of the microwave resonator. By tracking the resonance frequency, liquid flow was probed with the device. In addition to responding to applied pressure by deflection, the membrane also exhibits periodic pulsation motion under fluid flow at a constant rate. The two separate mechanisms, deflection and pulsation, constitute sensing mechanisms for pressure and flow rate. Using the same device architecture, we also detected pressure-induced deformations by a gas to draw further insight into the sensing mechanism of the membrane. Flow rate measurements based on the deformation and instability of thin membranes demonstrate the transduction potential of microwave resonators for fluid-structure interactions at micro-and nanoscales.

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“…In a microscale flow, the velocity of the liquid can be measured by different techniques based on heat transfer (Wu et al, 2001), pressure variations (Berberig et al, 1998), electrical impedance spectroscopy (Arjmandi et al, 2012), particle image velocimetry (Chao et al, 2005), and particle tracking velocimetry (Ichiyanagi et al, 2013). However, these methods have limitations in some cases due to complicated structural design (Tang et al, 2019), variations in the environmental temperature (Gong et al, 2015), and being incapable of detecting low flow rates (Wang and Wang, 2009). However, the integration of optical components can be an alternative route for highly sensitive measurements on a microscale (Lien and Vollmer, 2007), and accurate monitoring and measurement at low flow rates (Fang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant flow rate micropumping using closed-loop control of magnetically actuated nanofluid

Doğanay

Çetín

Ezan

et al. 2023

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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In this study, a magnetic actuator is controlled to obtain a constant flow rate micropumping by a magnetic nanofluid flow inside a semicircular-shaped microchannel with a constant square cross-section. A closed-loop control strategy is developed to achieve adequate control by utilizing a model based on experimental data. A novel digital image processing–based real-time velocity estimation algorithm is proposed as feedback information in the closed-loop control system. This paper aims to evaluate the success of the proposed real-time velocity estimation algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can supply the fluid velocity inside the microchannel with a maximum deviation of less than 4% in the current micropumping system. Three different controllers—that is, proportional (P), proportional–integral (PI), and proportional–integral–derivative (PID)—are also implemented to test the influence of the control logic used in the closed-loop control strategy. Compared with the previous study, the implementation of a closed-loop control strategy in the present work provided a constant flow rate pumping. The findings reveal that the PID controller can maintain a constant flow rate with transient time values around 186, 94, and 60 seconds for reference values of 100, 200, and 300 µm/s, respectively. In addition, the PID controller could supply a constant flow rate within the microchannel 51% longer than the PI controller.

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Simple and convenient microfluidic flow rate measurement based on microbubble image velocimetry

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Modeling the coulometric data for on-chip flow rate detection as a first order decay problem in a microfluidic device

Modeling the coulometric data for on-chip flow rate detection as a first order decay problem in a microfluidic device

On-chip flow rate sensing via membrane deformation and bistability probed by microwave resonators

Constant flow rate micropumping using closed-loop control of magnetically actuated nanofluid

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