Simple and efficient synthesis methods for fabricating anode materials of sodium-ion batteries and their sodium-ion storage mechanism study

Abstract

Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for large energy storage fields. However, the unclear storage mechanism of HC anode materials, especially the controversy...

Recent Progress in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Even after 1000 cycles at a rate of 1C, the hard carbon can maintain 80% capacity, which is expected to be used for high power density applications with fast cycling (Table 2). Zhang et al [ 124 ] used waste PET plastic as a precursor, which was rich in ester‐bonding structure. The hard carbon after low‐temperature pyrolysis (900 °C) had a reversible discharge capacity of up to 344 mAh g −1 (Table 2).…”

Hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries: progress, strategies and future perspective

“…Besides Joule heating treatment, another simple and efficient synthesis method of microwave heating at a high pyrolysis rate of about 100 °C min −1 at low temperature (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C) was reported recently by Yang and coworkers. 124 In this study, industrial waste plastic was selected as the precursor to prepare HCs with different micromorphologies. Particularly, the relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical properties was also evaluated.…”

Lignin molecular sieving engineering enables high-plateau-capacity hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

“…The larger the closed pore diameter, the larger the energy barrier required for sodium ion filling. [42][43][44] At the same time, sodium ions have a certain repulsion effect with the quasimetallic sodium clusters formed in the closed pore. Therefore, a larger closed pore diameter may result in slow sodium-ion diffusion and storage kinetics.…”