Simple method of related sensitivity range to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology of a core–shell latex particle

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The equilibrium morphologies of different core-shell latices are predicted, and a related sensitivity analysis is given for the predictions. This article proposes a related sensitivity range for estimating the accuracy of predictions, made with the simple method, of the thermodynamically preferred morphology of a core-shell latex particle in two-stage seeded emulsion polymerization. The related sensitivity range of the predictions is defined and calculated, and the results show that different core-shell latices have different sensitivity ranges. The wider the sensitivity range is, the more reliable the prediction is of the morphology of the core-shell latex. The simple method of related sensitivity range has been verified in the literature and with experiments.

Composition effects on the mechanical properties of microemulsion-made core/shell polymers

“…Details of the derivation of the equation used to estimate the interfacial free energy change (Dg) of the different morphologies are given elsewhere [35]. The equations for Dg for each of the cases are the following: …”

“…Here, polymer 1 is the one forming the original seed. The calculations of the interfacial tension at the temperature of reaction (60 8C) required for the calculations were estimated from thermodynamic data taken from the literature [35,36] and the harmonic mean equation, given by [35]:…”

“…Thermodynamic properties of polystyrene, poly(butyl acrylate) and water for surface tension calculations Values taken from Refs [35,36]…”

Aqueous poly(vinyl acetate)-based core/shell emulsion: synthesis, morphology, properties and application

“…Based upon previous conclusions, the research on morphological evolution controlled by core/shell morphological thermodynamics (CSMT) has been further developed from its rst concept, and a plenty of experiments have been carried out to better predict and control thermodynamic equilibrium morphology of PVAc-CS emulsion. 73 Sun et al 74 investigated the particle morphology in emulsion polymerisation of poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(butyl acrylate) (PVAc/ PBA). The equilibrium morphology was predicted as ICS structure with PBA core and PVAc shell because its interfacial free energy change calculated was the lowest.…”

“…Nevertheless, there are some limitations for CSMT. CSMT is suitable for particular systems, such as PVAc/PBA and PVAc/ PSt, 73 which is attributed to the difficulty in keeping a stringent balance between all factors affecting the interfacial tensions in a non-crosslinked system. Furthermore, it is almost impossible to accurately measure thermodynamic parameters separately.…”