Simple reaction time as a measure of the temporal response properties of transient and sustained channels

Breitmeyer, Bruno G.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90200-x

Cited by 370 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has been advanced that the magnocellular system shows greater sensitivity to low spatial frequencies (i.e., to those characteristics that correspond to the overall, global/configural properties of a visual stimulus), whereas the parvocellular system shows greater sensitivity to high spatial frequencies (i.e., to those characteristics that correspond to the finer, local details of a visual stimulus) (e.g., Breitmeyer, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Frequency and Face Processing in Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Deruelle

Rondan

Gepner

et al. 2004

J Autism Dev Disord

270

200

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Frequency and Face Processing in Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Deruelle

Rondan

Gepner

et al. 2004

J Autism Dev Disord

270

200

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“…They also found that the ISI at which the transition from element to group motion occurred was an increasing function of dark adaptation. The transitional ISI has also been shown to decrease with increasing element size, element contrast, frame duration, and viewing eccentricity (Breitmeyer andRitter, 1986a, 1986b).…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the ISI of the display, the observer in the Ternus experiment will see either of two bistable motion percepts (Tern us, 1926(Tern us, /1950Pantle and Picciano, 1976;Petersik and Pantle, 1979;Pantle and Petersik, 1980;Breitmeyer andRitter, 1986a, 1986b). When the ISI is long, but not so long that the apparent motion gives way to the perception of succession, there is a tendency to see the line of elements move back and forth as a group.…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion.

Grossberg¹,

Rudd²

1992

Psychological Review

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This article describes further evidence for a new neural network theory of biological motion perception. The theory clarifies why parallel streams VI -*• V2, VI -»• MT, and VI -» V2 -»• MT exist for static form and motion form processing among the areas VI, V2, and MT of visual cortex. The theory suggests that the static form system (Static BCS) generates emergent boundary segmentations whose outputs are insensitive to direction-of-contrast and to direction-of-motion, whereas the motion form system (Motion BCS) generates emergent boundary segmentations whose outputs are insensitive to direction-of-contrast but sensitive to direction-of-motion. The theory is used to explain classical and recent data about short-range and long-range apparent motion percepts that have not yet been explained by alternative models. These data include beta motion, split motion, gamma motion and reverse-contrast gamma motion, delta motion, and visual inertia. Also included are the transition from group motion to element motion in response to a Ternus display as the interstimulus interval (ISI) decreases; group motion in response to a reverse-contrast Ternus display even at short ISIs; speed-up of motion velocity as interflash distance increases or flash duration decreases; dependence of the transition from element motion to group motion on stimulus duration and size, various classical dependencies between flash duration, spatial separation, ISI, and motion threshold known as Korte's laws; dependence of motion strength on stimulus orientation and spatial frequency; short-range and long-range form-color interactions; and binocular interactions of flashes to different eyes.

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“…Blurring the visual image produces two major changes: it increases the apparent size of the stimulus, and it shifts energy from the higher to the lower spatial frequencies. The visual channels sensitive to the low spatial frequencies have shorter response latencies and higher temporal frequencies (Breitmeyer 1975;Fukuda 1971). That is, the mechanisms sensitive to low spatial frequencies have a greater temporal sensitivity than those sensitive to high spatial frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Defocussing the Image on the Perception of the Temporal Order of Flashing Lights

Luria

Newacheck

1992

Perception

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Abstract. The temporal interval between flashing lights that is required to perceive nonsimultaneity decreases as the refractive error increases from 0 to +2 diopters. The interval then __ remains constant with further increases to 3 and 4 diopters. The results are discussed in terms 0 of the relative increase of transient to sustained visual channels and of the increase in apparent 1l• movement."--M-In a number of studies the amount of time that must elapse between the presentation S-of two spatially disparate stimuli for the perception of temporal order or of nonsimul-___ taneity have been measured (Efron 1963;Hirsch and Sherrick 1961;Lichtenstein • • 1961;Mayzner and Agresti 1978;Parks 1968;Robinson 1967;Rutschmann 1966Rutschmann , 1973Sweet 1953;Westheimer and McKee 1977). From these studies it has been concluded that the perception of temporal order requires a temporal interval of from 3 to 50 ms, depending on the experimental conditions and criteria. It is clear that a number of variables have an effect on the value. One of the variables which has apparently not been studied is the effect of defocussing the visual display. One might expect this to degrade visual performance as it does, for example, with foveal or Snellen visual acuity. But this is not always the case. Although refractive error quickly degrades Snellen acuity, it has little effect on peripheral acuity (Millodot et al 1975) and even less effect on grating acuity (Thorn and Schwartz 1990). Refractive error affects size constancy but not shape constancy (Leibowitz et al 1978). In some cases, defocussing of the retinal image actually results in an improvement in visual performance: Harmon (1973) showed that recognition of block faces is improved, and Gordon and Field (1978) reported better performance on pseudoisochromatic plates.Of more relevance to the question of the perception of temporal order are the findings of Di Lollo and Woods (1981): defocussing the image decreases the duration of visual persistence. This suggests that the ability to perceive that two stimuli are not simultaneous may be enhanced in this way.2 Method 2.1 Subjects Ten staff members of the laboratory volunteered to serve as subjects. They ranged in age from 23 to 62 years (mean, 40.8 ± 10.7 years). All but one were corrected to 20/20 visual acuity; the tenth subject could only be corrected to 20/30, but his results were the same as the others and were therefore included. Only two of the subjects had any knowledge about the purpose of the experiment. ApparatusThe observers viewed two lights flashing every 2 s. The flashing lights were produced by two sets of two concentric cylinders. The two inner cylinders were yoked and made to rotate in opposite directions (figure 1). The left cylinder rotated at a given

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Simple reaction time as a measure of the temporal response properties of transient and sustained channels

Cited by 370 publications

References 12 publications

Spatial Frequency and Face Processing in Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Spatial Frequency and Face Processing in Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome

Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion.

The Effect of Defocussing the Image on the Perception of the Temporal Order of Flashing Lights

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