“…However, TiO 2 is a wide bandgap semiconductor (E g % 3.2 eV) and can only absorb and utilize the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum [26,27]. To enhance light harvesting in the visible 400-800 nm region, various attempts were employed including doping TiO 2 with other impurities [28][29][30] and coupling it with narrow bandgap semiconductors such as CdS [31,32], CdSe [33,34], PbS [35,36] and Bi 2 S 3 [37,38]. Among narrow bandgap semiconductors, Bi 2 S 3 is an n-type semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.3 eV.…”