Simplified Sample Preparation for HPLC Analysis of Ergovaline in Tall Fescue

Hill, Nicholas S.; Rottinghaus, George E.; Agee, C. S.; Schultz, Linda

doi:10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300020024x

Cited by 68 publications

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“…All samples were freeze‐dried and ground through a 1‐mm screen using a cyclone‐type mill. Ground samples were analyzed for ergovaline by HPLC according to the procedure of Rottinghaus et al (19) with modifications reported by Hill et al (8). Samples were also analyzed for total ergot alkaloids by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the procedure of Hill and Agee (7) with a commercial test kit from Agrinostics, Ltd. (Watkinsville, GA).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergovaline and Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations Change in Conserved Tall Fescue

Roberts

Kallenbach

Rottinghaus

et al. 2011

Forage grazinglands

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Ergot alkaloids are toxins in tall fescue that cause severe reductions in animal gain, reproduction, and milk production. This study was conducted over a 2‐year period to determine the change in concentrations of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids in tall fescue as it is conserved as silage, hay, and ammoniated hay. Compared to concentrations in the original pasture, both ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations were lower in the hay, with ammoniation of the hay resulting in even lower concentrations. In the silage, ergovaline concentrations were lower than original pasture, while total ergot alkaloids were higher. Livestock producers are encouraged to feed hay and ammoniated hay in early winter, as it is less toxic than pastures at that time. Producers should exercise caution when feeding tall fescue silage; although silage may contain reduced concentrations of ergovaline, it may also contain very high concentrations of ergot alkaloids.

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Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergovaline and Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations Change in Conserved Tall Fescue

Roberts

Kallenbach

Rottinghaus

et al. 2011

Forage grazinglands

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“…Heifers were weighed on d 56 (midpoint) and 99 (termination of grazing) in yr 1, and on d 60 (midpoint) and 116 (termination of grazing) during yr 2. To assess toxicity of fescue pastures, random forage samples (8 to 10 samples per ha) were collected monthly from each pasture, pooled within pasture, cut into 5.1-cm pieces, and stored at −4°C until ergovaline concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography [15]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers

Mays

Looper

Williamson

et al. 2013

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundIntegration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems. Brahman-influenced (BR; n = 64) and Gelbvieh × Angus (GA; n = 64) heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (NT) cultivars during two yr. Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing. Grazing behavior (grazing, resting in the shade, lying, or standing without grazing) was recorded (n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July) for each pasture. During yr 2, exit velocity (EV) and serum prolactin (PRL) were determined.ResultsGrazing behavior was influenced (P < 0.05) by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E+ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade. Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV (P < 0.001) than GA heifers (0.52 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 s/m, respectively). Body weight (BW) was affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d, and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type. Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than heifers grazing E+ pastures at midpoint and termination. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than GA and BR heifers grazing E+ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures. An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL (P < 0.01).ConclusionCollectively fescue cultivar, EV, and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior. Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E+ pastures, regardless of breed type, which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain (ADG) in heifers. Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.

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“…Ergovaline concentration was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the procedure reported by Rottinghaus et al (1991) with modifications reported by Hill et al (1993). Ten plots from the remaining grazing events were randomly chosen, giving a total of 74 samples for ergovaline determination.…”

Section: Initial Gps Data Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Diet Preference of Novel Endophyte‐Infected Tall Fescue Cultivars

et al. 2019

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A fungal endophyte, Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan‐Jones & W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl, naturally infects tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]. The common, toxic endophyte produces ergot alkaloids that cause the livestock disorder known as tall fescue toxicosis. Strains of E. coenophiala that produce little or no toxic ergot alkaloids are referred to as “novel” endophyte associations and offer a solution to tall fescue toxicosis. The objective of this study was to determine differences in animal preference and ground cover among commercially available novel endophyte‐infected tall fescue cultivars. Six cultivars of novel tall fescue and controls of common, toxic endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescue were evaluated for animal preference, forage mass, forage removal, forage quality, and ground cover during a 2‐yr grazing trial at Linneus, MO. Plots were grazed over nine grazing events by beef cattle (Bos spp.) during the 2‐yr study, and some animals were fitted with GPS collars to determine which cultivar was grazed first and most often. ‘BarOptima’, a soft‐leaf cultivar, was grazed first and most frequently. Forage mass, forage removal, and forage quality measurements of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were similar among cultivars. Ground cover increased each year of the study, even though seed production was inhibited. In addition, rust (Puccinia spp.) susceptibility differed among cultivars. Under this management system, which used up to 24‐h grazing periods and at least 8‐cm stubble height, animal preference was not based on endophyte status.

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Simplified Sample Preparation for HPLC Analysis of Ergovaline in Tall Fescue

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Ergovaline and Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations Change in Conserved Tall Fescue

Ergovaline and Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations Change in Conserved Tall Fescue

Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers

Comparison and Diet Preference of Novel Endophyte‐Infected Tall Fescue Cultivars

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