SimplyRep: A simple and effective reputation system to fight pollution in P2P live streaming

Content pollution propagation in the overlay network of peer‐to‐peer live streaming systems: modelling and analysis

“…To defend against pollution attacks in P2P live streaming systems, a number of approaches have been proposed in the past few years, including cryptographic approach [12, 31–38], blacklisting approach [12, 39], and reputation system approach [39–44]. (1) The cryptographic approach adopted the hash verification mechanism to identify the polluted chunks and encryption techniques to improve the difficulty of forging chunks.…”

“…Vieira et al [39] were the first to employ the reputation system to fight against pollution attack in P2P live streaming systems. The authors presented an improved solution in [44]. Hu and Zhao [41] proposed a trust management system that identifies attackers and excludes them from further sharing of multimedia data.…”

“…The experimental results showed the continuous watching behaviours of viewers were affected seriously by pollution attack and most of the viewers preferred to stay shorter due to the terrible playback quality. In [44], Vieira et al undertook active measurements on another very popular P2P live streaming system, namely SopCast, to evaluate the impact of content pollution attack. The research result revealed that SopCast was also vulnerable to pollution attack and single polluter can affect of peers.…”

“…Subsequently, Wang et al [13] carried out further measurement works to evaluate the impact of content pollution on the same system from more metrics. In [44], Vieira et al . undertook active measurements on another very popular P2P live streaming system, namely SopCast, to evaluate the impact of content pollution attack.…”

“…Existing measurement studies showed that pollution attack could affect the structure stability of the P2P live streaming system overlay network significantly and cause a large number of viewers to leave the channel overlay, even the system [12, 44]. Interestingly, different from the above three types of user behaviours, the arrival behaviour actually will not be impacted by pollution attack significantly in real‐world P2P live streaming system [13].…”