SIMREG, a tree-level distance-independent model to simulate forest dynamics and management from national forest inventory (NFI) data

Perin, Jérôme; Pitchugin, Mikhail; Hebert, Jacques; Brostaux, Yves; Lejeune, Philippe; Ligot, Gauthier

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109382

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Compared to current climate, the use of this scenario likely resulted in an increased C sink of the DOM and soil pools due to more optimal conditions (i.e., warmer temperatures with still sufficient precipitation in the majority of Swiss forests) lead to increased tree growth but also to a faster decomposition of the DOM. Similar forest growth models applied in Europe are not climate sensitive (Barreiro et al, 2016;Vauhkonen et al, 2019) with the assumption that on relatively short time scales of 50 years management effects are more important than climate ones (Perin et al, 2021). For future improvements of MASSIMO, however, the effects of climate change on forest development should be accounted for, as they are becoming increasingly apparent (e.g., Schelhaas et al, 2015;Reyer et al, 2017;Seidl et al, 2017;Rohner et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Paris to Switzerland: Four Pathways to a Forest Reference Level

Stadelmann¹,

Portier²,

Didion³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Introduction: Among terrestrial ecosystems, forests represent large carbon stocks threatened by changing climatic conditions, deforestation, overexploitation, and forest degradation. Close to nature forestry may help forests to continue to acting as carbon sinks by promoting their resilience against disturbances. The EU decided to carry out carbon accounting of emissions and removals from managed forests under the Paris Agreement (PA) by using a projected Forest Reference Level (FRL) based on the continuation of recent management practices.Methods: We developed four conceptual scenarios that could build the Swiss Forest Reference Level and performed simulations over 50 years using Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) data and the empirical forest model MASSIMO. To improve MASSIMO, we further developed a new tree species-specific model for small scale mortality that accounts for the Swiss NFI design. Then, using projected biomass and mortality from MASSIMO, carbon budgets of mineral soil, litter, and dead wood were estimated using the Yasso07 model.Results: The U-shaped mortality model performed well (AUC 0.7). Small as well as large trees had the highest mortality probabilities, reflecting both young trees dying due to self-thinning and old trees from age, pests or abiotic influences. All scenarios matched their given harvesting and growing stock targets, whereby the share of broadleaves increased in all regions of Switzerland. This resulted in decreasing biomass growth, possibly due to a species shift from typically fast growing and more shade tolerant conifers to broadleaves. The CO2-balance of the conceptual scenarios ranged from 1.06 to −3.3 Mt CO2 a–1 under Increased Harvesting and Recent Management Practices (RMP), respectively. Rotation periods are shortened under Increased Harvesting, which is an important climate adaptive management strategy, but forests were predicted to become a net carbon source. In contrast, RMP resulted in similar harvesting amounts and forests as carbon sinks, as reported in the past. Further, the RMP scenario does not involve political assumptions and reflects the idea of the CMP approach used by the EU member states, which makes it comparable to other countries. Therefore, we propose the scenario RMP as a suitable and ideal candidate for the Swiss FRL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Paris to Switzerland: Four Pathways to a Forest Reference Level

Stadelmann¹,

Portier²,

Didion³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…First, we determined the aboveground carbon stock in living tree biomass for each plot following the method described in the national forestry accounting plan of Belgium (Perin et al, 2019):…”

Section: Carbon Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculated the stump volume-V stump -as a cylinder with height 10 cm and radius derived from the tree's diameter and height using taper functions of Dagnelie et al (2013). We used the species-specific wood density values-WDfrom the national forestry accounting plan of Belgium (Perin et al, 2019; Supplementary Table S5) and the default carbon fraction-CFof 0.5 as in Penman et al (2003). As we focus on aboveground carbon stocks only, we did not use a root-to-shoot ratio (i.e., factor R in Eq.…”

Section: Carbon Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific additionality in aboveground carbon sequestration in set-aside forests in Flanders (northern Belgium)

Vanhellemont,

Leyman,

Govaere

et al. 2024

Front. For. Glob. Change

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IntroductionIn situ carbon sequestration in forests is important in the context of climate change mitigation, and setting aside managed forests has been proposed as an option for increased carbon sequestration. Comparing set-aside and managed forests may provide insights and rules of thumb on the potential for additional in situ carbon sequestration in set-aside forest.MethodsIn an observational study, we compared re-inventory data from the network of set-aside forest reserves in Flanders, which have been unmanaged for 17–66 years (2 surveys with a 10 years interval), with re-inventory data from the regional forest inventory, representing the overall forest area in Flanders (2 surveys with a 15 years interval).ResultsThe aboveground carbon pools and sequestration rates were higher in the set-aside forests compared to the average forest in Flanders. In the average Flemish forest, the aboveground carbon pool increased from 64.7 to 85.1 tC ha−1, over a period of 15 years. In the set-aside forests, the mean pool was higher at the first measurement and further increased from 84.8 to 102.4 tC ha−1, over a period of 10 years. The mean aboveground annual carbon sequestration rate was 1.3 tC ha−1 year−1 in the average forest in Flanders and 1.8 tC ha−1 year−1 in the set-aside forests. The stocks and fluxes depended on the soil conditions and were higher in set-aside forests on silt and sandy silt sites compared to wet and sand sites. The set-aside forests on dry sites showed additionality in in situ aboveground carbon sequestration. We saw no indication of approaching a culmination point in the first decades following set-aside: plots with high carbon pools did not show lower carbon sequestration. In conclusion, set-aside forests can combine high carbon pools with high sequestration rates on suitable sites. Under the current management policy, we expect Flemish forests—regular and set-aside—to further increase their carbon pools in the coming decades.

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“…Consequently, plot centers for each dataset were relocated if necessary by photo-interpretation of tree crown position in the CHM. Owing to the time gap between ALS data acquisition and field inventories (≤2 growing seasons), c150 data were corrected using Equation (1) in [60] according to species.…”

Section: Field Data Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species-specific SSDs were derived from three successive and dependent components: species class, circumference class, and number of stems. The relationship between ALS and field variables strongly varies depending on the species, and for a given species within a given area, circumference is one of the most important explanatory variables for estimating the number of stems [33,60]. Errors in these estimations thus accumulate and exacerbate one other.…”

Section: Neural Network Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Species-Specific Stem Size Distributions of Uneven-Aged Mixed Deciduous Forests Using ALS Data and Neural Networks

et al. 2022

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Sustainable forest management requires accurate fine-scale description of wood resources. Stem size distribution (SSD) by species is used by foresters worldwide as a representative overview of forest structure and species composition suitable for informing management decisions at shorter and longer terms. In mixed uneven-aged deciduous forests, tree data required for SSD estimation are most often collected in the field through traditional forest management inventories (FMIs), but these are time-consuming and costly with respect to the sampled area. Combining FMIs with remote sensing methods such as airborne laser scanning (ALS), which has high potential for predicting forest structure and composition, and is becoming increasingly accessible and affordable, could provide cheaper and faster SSD data across large areas. In this study, we developed a method for estimating species-specific SSDs by combining FMIs and dual-wavelength ALS data using neural networks (NNs). The proposed method was tested and validated using 178 FMI plots within 22,000 ha of a mixed uneven-aged deciduous forest in Belgium. The forest canopy was segmented, and metrics were derived from the ALS point cloud. A NN with a custom architecture was set up to simultaneously predict the three components required to compute species-specific SSDs (species, circumference, and number of stems) at segment level. Species-specific SSDs were thereafter estimated at stand level by aggregating the estimates for the segments. A robustness test was set up using fully independent plots to thoroughly assess the method precision at stand-level on a larger area. The global Reynolds index for the species-specific SSDs was 21.2 for the training dataset and 54.0 for the independent dataset. The proposed method does not require allometric models, prior knowledge of the structure, or the predefinition of variables; it is versatile and thus potentially adaptable to other forest types having different structures and compositions.

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SIMREG, a tree-level distance-independent model to simulate forest dynamics and management from national forest inventory (NFI) data

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

From Paris to Switzerland: Four Pathways to a Forest Reference Level

From Paris to Switzerland: Four Pathways to a Forest Reference Level

Site-specific additionality in aboveground carbon sequestration in set-aside forests in Flanders (northern Belgium)

Estimating Species-Specific Stem Size Distributions of Uneven-Aged Mixed Deciduous Forests Using ALS Data and Neural Networks

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