Simulated Inhalation Levels of Fragrance Materials in a Surrogate Air Freshener Formulation

Abstract

This study measured postapplication exposure levels of fragrance materials in a surrogate air freshener formulation in an environmentally-controlled exposure room (ECER). A five-s spray was released to simulate normal consumer use conditions. Time-course airborne fragrance material levels were sampled with Tenax tubes, and aerosol size distributions were monitored with a TSI 3320 aerodynamic particle sizer. Triplicate experiments were performed for each of the control/test substances. The control substance (unfragranced formulation) experiments indicated that the airborne fragrance materials were not detected, suggesting that the base propellant formulation did not interfere with the sampling procedure or analytical results. The test substance experiments found that the higher the volatility of the fragrance material, the higherthe airborne fragrance concentration within the ECER. In the adult breathing zone height, the maximum concentrations of the nine fragrance materials ranged from 108 to 347 microg/m3 during the first minute postapplication. In the child breathing zone height, the maximum fragrance material concentrations ranged from 125 to 362 microg/m3 during 2-6 min postapplication. Particle size distributions indicated that approximately 60-70% of the generated aerosols were less than 1 microm aerodynamic diameter. Initial peak particle mass concentrations (<5 microm) were 800-1000 microg/m3 during the first minute postapplication. Following initial peak concentrations, there was approximately 10-15 min of fluctuation, and then particle levels decayed gradually and exponentiallyto near background levels. Exposure to the test formulation would originate from two components: particle-bound and vapor-phase fragrance materials. Particle-bound fragrance exposure accounted for approximately 47% and 72% of the total exposures during the first minute postapplication period in the adult and child breathing zone heights, respectively.

Nanosized aerosols from consumer sprays: experimental analysis and exposure modeling for four commercial products

“…Aerosols produced from consumer sprays have been analyzed in the micrometer range by Rogers et al (2005) and Vernez et al (2006). For waterproofing sprays, Yamashita and coworkers reported that in the micrometer range the particle diameter is related to the toxicity of the spray products (Yamashita et al 1997).…”

Fragrance materials in asthma: a pilot study using a surrogate aerosol product

“…After completing the clinical review, subjects were exposed to either the TS or CS for 15 or 30 min in an environmentally controlled exposure chamber (9.1 m 3 ) with an air exchange rate of 0.6/h (AE0.1), previously established to simulate typical residential ventilation [23]. This incorporated a standardized product instilled through a spray canister (two sprays per exposure) with measurement of background levels of the substances captured using absorbent tubes with carbon capture (Dr CJC; Toxcon, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).…”

“…The CS aerosol preparation was identical to the TS except the fragrance materials were replaced with deionized distilled water. Double distilled water made up the percentage in the placebo of what was the fragrance formulation in the test aerosol [23].…”

Determination of fragrance ingredients in fish by ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by purge & trap

“…7 Therefore, if they are not metabolised, they have the potential to be accumulated from water and/or diet by aquatic organisms. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Fragrance ingredients are subject to regulation under REACH, which requires evaluation of their potential for bioaccumulation using a metric like the bioconcentration factor (BCF).…”