Simulated soybean pod and flower injuries and economic thresholds for Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management decisions

Justus, Cláudia Maria; Paula‐Moraes, Silvana V.; Pasini, Amarildo; Hoback, W. Wyatt; Hayashida, Rafael; Bueno, Adeney de Freitas

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2022.105936

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Given that treatments were done within the same plot, the abiotic stressors can be assumed to be similar across treatments, and therefore, it is likely that biotic factors (e.g., floral visits, herbivory) contributed to the differential abortion rates across treatments. In our study, openpollinated flowers were vulnerable to damage by pollinators and herbivorous predation (Singh & Emden 1979;Justus et al 2022). On this, Coleoptera are common herbivores (Turnipseed & Kogan 1976) and were among the most common visitors of edamame flowers in our field plot, specifically Epicauta and Popillia, which together comprised 36% of floral visitors.…”

Section: Edamame Benefits From Cross-pollinationmentioning

confidence: 59%

Benefits of Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame

Evans,

El-Hifnawi,

Hooks

et al. 2023

J Poll Ecol

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Dependence on cross-pollination varies widely among wild and cultivated plant species. Even among crops that are less dependent on outcrossing, such as soybean (Glycine max L.), cross-pollination can improve fruit quality and commercial value. There is a growing body of literature regarding the role of insect pollination in soybean; however, there is a knowledge gap on the intersection between the reproductive system of soybean and its pollination ecology. To address this gap, we first sought to characterize the reproductive system of vegetable soybean (edamame) in terms of benefits and reliance on outcrossing using three traditional experimental pollination scenarios in field conditions: open pollination, automatic selfing (pollinator-exclusion), and hand cross-pollination (controlled crossing). We also tested whether proximity to floral supplements planted on one edge of the field affected its reproductive outputs, and surveyed the floral visitors of the crop. Overall, we found a significant increase in fruit weight among open-pollinated plants compared to those in the automatic selfing treatment, with this effect accentuated with proximity to the flower strip. Despite open pollinated flowers having 30% higher flower abortions rates compared to automatic selfing, the number of developed seeds per fruit was similar among these treatments, with open-pollination having a greater proportion of commercial grade-A fruits. Additionally, grade-A fruits in open-pollination and hand cross-pollination treatments were similar in weight, both of which were significantly heavier than those in the automatic selfing treatment. Although edamame can automatically self, our results suggest that reproductive outputs including fruit weight and number of commercial grade-A fruits are positively affected by cross-pollination and proximity to floral supplements.

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Section: Edamame Benefits From Cross-pollinationmentioning

confidence: 59%

Benefits of Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame

Evans,

El-Hifnawi,

Hooks

et al. 2023

J Poll Ecol

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“…Along with S. eridania, other common species from this genus found in soybean are Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), Spodoptera albula (Walker), and Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker). Although these species can feed on soybean leaves, flowers, and pods, larval viability is higher when the caterpillars feed both on leaves and reproductive structures (flowers and pods) than when they feed exclusively on reproductive structures [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Brazil, the main defoliating caterpillar is the soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [8]. Other caterpillars of the genus Spodoptera (Guenée), such as southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), may also cause significant damage to the soybean due to their high density in fields, in both Bt (genetically modified crops with genes of Bacillus thuringiensis) and non-Bt soybean fields, and injury potential on leaves, flowers, and pods [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Injury by Four Major Pests in Soybean Plants Using Hyperspectral Proximal Imaging

et al. 2022

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Arthropod pests are among the major problems in soybean production and regular field sampling is required as a basis for decision-making for control. However, traditional sampling methods are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, our goal is to evaluate hyperspectral remote sensing as a tool to establish reflectance patterns from soybean plants infested by various densities of two species of stinkbugs (Euschistus heros and Diceraeus melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)) and two species of caterpillars (Spodoptera eridania and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)). Bioassays were carried out in greenhouses with potted plants placed in cages with 5 plants infested with 0, 2, 5, and 10 insects. Plants were classified according to their reflectance, based on the acquisition of spectral data before and after infestation, using a hyperspectral push-broom spectral camera. Infestation by stinkbugs did not cause significative differences in the reflectance patterns of infested or non-infested plants. In contrast, caterpillars caused changes in the reflectance patterns, which were classified using a deep-learning approach based on a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. High accuracies were achieved when the models classified low (0 + 2) or high (5 + 10) infestation and presence or absence of insects. This study provides an initial assessment to apply a non-invasive detection method to monitor caterpillars in soybean before causing economic damage.

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“…The development of plant tolerance traits as a pest management tool also plays an important role in the management of pest resistance (Peterson et al., 2017). Therefore, determining the level of soybean plant tolerance to different types of injuries is a crucial step to refine ETs for different pest species and injury guilds (Justus et al., 2022). Breeding/selection of new cultivars that differ in phenology also requires testing to refine ETs, followed by re‐testing when pest populations change, as is the case of soybean and C. aporema .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of the economic threshold for Crocidosema aporema injury to indeterminate Bt soybean cultivars

Hayashida

Hoback

Dourado³

et al. 2023

Agronomy Journal

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The neotropical soybean budborer (Crocidosema aporema [Walsingham, 1914] [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) is classified as a major pest of soybean that is difficult to manage with insecticides because larvae cause leaf-rolling and can bore into the stem. Genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) soybean has been effective in managing C. aporema populations until recently when resistance has emerged and high infestation rates have been observed in Brazilian Bt soybean fields expressing Cry1Ac. The economic threshold (ET) for C. aporema was previously studied only in conventional (non-Bt) determinate varieties of soybean. The present work evaluated the potential of C. aporema to injure indeterminate Bt soybean cultivars in two independent field trials carried out in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing seasons. One field trial compared the response of individual injured and noninjured plants in the same field. The number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed mass per plant in 12 of 13 trials were similar. In the second field trial, areas with and without insecticide applications were compared. There was a reduction in C. aporema damage after three insecticide applications, but yields were similar between treatments. Based on these results, C. aporema had low potential to cause economic injury to indeterminant Bt soybean cultivars. Thus, the current ET for C. aporema of 25%-30% of infested plants can be increased to 50%.

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Simulated soybean pod and flower injuries and economic thresholds for Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) management decisions

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Benefits of Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame

Benefits of Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame

Assessment of Injury by Four Major Pests in Soybean Plants Using Hyperspectral Proximal Imaging

Re‐evaluation of the economic threshold for Crocidosema aporema injury to indeterminate Bt soybean cultivars

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