Simulating soft tissues using a GPU approach of the mass-spring model

Real-time Knowledge-based Fuzzy Logic Model for Soft Tissue Deformation

“…Nevertheless, Leon et al (2010) affirmed that the error in CUDA framework is not sufficiently large to affect the visual perception of the surgeon during the simulation and is relatively stable. According to all relevant literature studies, for liver modelling in particular, there is no specific contributions in the literature exist reporting on realtime knowledge-based fuzzy mass spring model for surgical simulation.…”

“…However, the only remaining challenge of the MSM is the selection of parameters (Er and Sun, 2001;Campos et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013). Many research projects have been developed to improve the underlying MSM parameter selections in terms of analytical and numerical approaches (Van Gelder, 1998;Maciel et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2010;Abulgasem et al, 2010), heuristic optimisation (Deussen et al, 1995;Bianchi et al, 2003;Pawlus et al, 2013), utilisation of Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) (Georgii et al, 2005;Tejada et al, 2005), and implementation of the Computer Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) approaches (Rasmusson et al, 2008;Leon et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010;Etheredge C.E, 2011;Campos et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013). Although the resultant models are able to simulate the deformable objects in real-time, there exists some limitations.…”

A Novel GPU-Based Deformation Pipeline

“…Noticeably, mass-spring models have been studied heavily for deformable body simulations [5,6] as well as for surgical simulations [15,16]. Two of these approaches in [12,17] try to conserve volume during deformation.…”