“…Immersed boundary (IB) methods [1,2,3] are a class of fictitious domain methods [4] that can enable the efficient solution to complex moving domain problems. The IB methodology is now widely used in modeling large scale engineering [2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] and biological [12,13,14,15,16,17] models that have large boundary deformations or displacements within the computational domain. IB methods have also seen substantial use for applications that require only fixed geometries because they simplify grid generation [18,19,20,21].…”