Simulation and Experimentation Platforms for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Abstract

Ocean and water basically cover the major parts of our planet. To obtain the best utilization of the underlying resources on these parts of the Earth, people have made some research advancements. Specifically, the research on underwater wireless acoustic sensor networks (UWA-SNs) has made great progress. However, wide deployment of UWA-SNs is far from a reality due to several reasons. One important reason is that offshore deployment and field-level experiments of ocean-centric applications are both expensive and labor intensive. Other alternatives to attain this objective are to conduct simulation or experimentation that can reduce cost and accelerate the research activities and their outcomes. However, designing efficient and reliable simulation and experimentation platforms have proven to be more challenging beyond the expectation. In this article, we explore the main techniques (including their pros and cons) and components to develop simulation and experimentation platforms and provide a comprehensive survey report in this area. We classify simulation and experimentation platforms based on some typical criteria and then provide useful guidelines for researchers on choosing suitable platforms in accordance with their requirements. Finally, we address some open and un-resolved issues in this context and provide some suggestions on future research.

ANCR—An Adaptive Network Coding Routing Scheme for WSNs with Different-Success-Rate Links

“…However, sensor nodes [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] more easily fail to work than traditional network nodes due to being battery-powered. Therefore, it is a challenge to maintain high quality and low energy consumption in WSN applications.…”

A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Open Research Challenges

“…Figure 3 demonstrates the development of testbed platforms in UWSNs and their respective vital characteristics from 1995 to 2020. Generally, as categorized in [ 17 ], testbed platforms can be considered either long-term experimental, short-term experimental, or lab level.…”

“…Moreover, in [ 12 ], robotic fish have been employed to measure oxygen levels in water as well as for pressure and temperature monitoring [ 70 ]. An ocean sampling application reported in [ 17 ] focuses on monitoring a large coastal area to study the ocean phenomena by applying underwater sensor vehicle technology at several locations. The collected data will be sent to the shore automatically for further observations.…”

Coding Techniques using IDMA OFDM MIMO for Underwater Wireless Acoustic Communication

“…Though presently available underwater wireless acoustic technology provisions delay tolerant and low data rate requests. State of the art typical investigational point to point acoustic modems use signaling scheme that can achieve data rates lower than 20kilobits/sec with a link distance of 1kilometer [2], [3], [4].…”