Simulation as a Method for Asymptotic System Behavior Identification (e.g. Water Frog Hemiclonal Population Systems)

Abstract

Studying any system requires development of ways to describe the variety of its conditions. Such development includes three steps. The first one is to identify groups of similar systems (associative typology). The second one is to identify groups of objects which are similar in characteristics important for their description (analytic typology). The third one is to arrange systems into groups based on their predicted common future (dynamic typology).We propose a method to build such a dynamic topology for a system. The first step is to build a simulation model of studied systems. The model must be undetermined and simulate stochastic processes. The model generates distribution of the studied systems output parameters with the same initial parameters. We prove the correctness of the model by aligning the parameters sets generated by the model with the set of the original systems conditions evaluated empirically. In case of a close match between the two, we can presume that the model is adequately describing the dynamics of the studied systems. On the next stage, we should determine the probability distribution of the systems transformation outcome. Such outcomes should be defined based on the simulation of the transformation of the systems during the time sufficient to determine its fate. If the systems demonstrate asymptotic behavior, its phase space can be divided into pools corresponding to its different future state prediction. A dynamic typology is determined by which of these pools each system falls into.We implemented the pipeline described above to study water frog hemiclonal population systems. Water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) is an animal group displaying interspecific hybridization and non-mendelian inheritance.

Population systems of Eurasian water frogs (Pelophylax) in the south of Ukraine

“…The distribution and genetic structure of the green frog population systems have been described in detail in Kharkiv region, where the Siverskyi Donets River basin is the centre of genetic diversity of the P. esculentus complex (Biriuk et al, 2016;Shabanov et al, 2017;Shabanov et al, 2020). Pubescent P. lessonae were not found there.…”

“…This area, which is a unique point that attracts the attention of many batrachologists, requires special monitoring studies and conservation solutions. Researchers have proposed using modelling methods to predict complex genetic processes occurring in hemiclonal population systems with interspecific hybridization and non-Mendelian inheritance (Shabanov et al, 2020).…”

Chromosomes of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 in different population systems of southern Ukraine

“…In this part of Ukraine P. ridibundus lives together with hybridogenic taxon P. esculentus. The RE-type population system has a very diverse genetic structure, with the presence of polyploids, a large diversity of parental genomes that are produced, transmitted, and inherited through complex genetic mechanisms [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, all these factors can be manifested in the variability of homologs, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of chromosomes.…”

Anomalies in Marsh Frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) and hybrid waterfrogs (P. esculentus) (Anura: Ranidae) from two ponds in the Kharkiv Region of Ukraine

“…Waterfrogs (Marsh Frogs, Pelohylax ridibundus, and hybrids, P. esculentus) sampled over a three-year period from Dobrytskyi and Koriakiv Ponds in or adjacent to the National Nature Park "Homilshanski Lisy," Chuhuiv District, Kharkiv Region, Ukraine, respectively. by Shabanov et al (2009Shabanov et al ( , 2020. The hybrid waterfrog Pelophylax esculentus is represented by both diploid and triploid forms of both sexes and by one of its parental species, the Marsh Frog (P. ridibundus).…”