Simulation Blowing Agent Performance, Cell Morphology, and Cell Pressure in Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Al-Moameri, Harith; Zhao, Yusheng; Ghoreishi, Rima; Suppes, Galen J.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04711

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The third step is bubble growth, in which blowing‐agent gas diffuses from the liquid–gas interface into the bubbles. The last step is the stabilization of the cell bubbles …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, during the foaming process with all water as the blowing agent, the viscosity of the foaming system increases, the fluidity decreases, and the heat of the system increases; this leads to core burning. With the increase in the urea group, the ratio of the rigid segment of polyurethane rises, and this causes the foams to be hard and brittle and the adiabatic performance to decrease …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rigid polyisocyanurate–waterglass foam composite: Preparation, mechanism, and thermal and flame‐retardant properties

Feng

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A rigid polyisocyanurate-waterglass foam (PIWGRF) composite was prepared with polyaryl poly(methylene isocyanate) and waterglass (WG) as the main materials; water as a blowing agent, and no polyols. We speculated the formation mechanism of the PIWGRFs on the basis of the analysis of experiment data, scanning electron microscopy characterization, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that three-dimensional nanoflakes derived from the cured WG was observed; this was connected with polyisocyanurate by secondary bonding (SiAOAHBN). Thermogravimetric testing indicated that the thermal stability and residual mass (34%) of the PIWGRFs were significantly higher than those of rigid traditional polyurethane foams (T-PUFs). When the core density of the PIWGRFs was 32.6 kg/m 3 , the strength was up to 162.9 KPa by excessive filling. The flame retardancy of the PIWGRFs, including the time to ignition, heat-release rate, total smoke of release, and limiting oxygen index, was obviously better than that of the T-PUFs. The structure of the residual char was more dense and orderly; this was also an effective barrier layer. The reason was attributed to the fact that the WG did not contain combustible elements. So, the PIWGRFs had excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and environmental friendliness.

show abstract

“…The third step is bubble growth, in which blowing‐agent gas diffuses from the liquid–gas interface into the bubbles. The last step is the stabilization of the cell bubbles …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid polyisocyanurate–waterglass foam composite: Preparation, mechanism, and thermal and flame‐retardant properties

Feng

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This model can be used to quantitatively study the branching reaction in polyurethane reaction. Al-Moameri et al 16 and Zhao, 17 researchers of the University of Missouri at Columbia, studied the effects of rigid polyurethane foam on the foaming structure and morphology. The temperature, concentration, bubble size, and pressure inside the bubble were simulated by a computer program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The foaming dynamic characteristics of polyurethane foam

Zhang

Tong

Deng

et al. 2019

Journal of Cellular Plastics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyurethane foam is a kind of polymer composite material. The foaming turgidity and reaction temperature of polyurethane foam are closely related to its mechanical properties. According to our present knowledge, this study is the first time that fiber optic sensing technology has been applied to monitor the dynamics change in the foaming turgidity and reaction temperature of polyurethane foam during its preparation. The effects on the foaming expansion force, contractile force, and reaction temperature are studied through changing proportion of water among the ingredients of the polyurethane foam. The results have shown that the fiber optic Bragg grating wavelength varies due to the reaction temperature and foaming power. In the reaction process, the foaming expansion force can make the maximum wavelength change of fiber optic Bragg grating 1–3.5 nm, equivalent to 1000–3541 micro strain. And the highest temperature of the reaction was 42.6°C. The wavelength shifts of the fiber optic Bragg gratings were closely related to the reaction temperature and foaming power. The results show that fiber optic sensing technology can be used for the online kinetics monitoring of the reaction process of polyurethane foam plastics. The data obtained from the fiber optic Bragg grating could be used for the design and performance prediction of new polyurethane foam materials.

show abstract

“…9 In the current research, the impact of viscosity on the mass transfer limitation were studied for gel reactions. Previous studies 10,11 identify how to simulate the performance of blowing agents when provided parameters that characterize the gel reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%