Simulation of an electric vehicle to study the impact of cabin heating on the driving range

Ramsey, David; Bouscayrol, Alain; Boulon, Loïc; Vaudrey, Alexandre

doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129169

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Impacts of ambient temperature on EV performance and range has been the topic of several studies. In [11], a simulation-based study is presented to investigate the impacts of cabin heating in cold weather (0 Celsius). It is shown that, the driving rage could reduce by 40% when the cabin temperature is set to 20 Celsius.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in hot climates, stored battery energy is used to cool the cabin and battery. Moreover, harsher routes require more power for traction, which depletes the battery faster [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent measurement based studies (see [13] and [11]), reveal that a significant portion of the driving range can be lost due to cold weather. Hence, depending on driving patterns, a portion of the EVs may require additional charge which will increase the stress on the grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Probabilistic Methodology to Quantify the Impacts of Cold Weather on Electric Vehicle Demand: A Case Study in the U.K.

Koncar

Bayram

2021

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is required for deep decarbonisation of transportation sector. The vast majority of EVs use lithium-ion batteries and their driving ranges are reduced under cold weather conditions due to excessive need for heating the battery and the driver cabin. In this paper, probabilistic modeling and simulation of large-collections of EV charging are presented and the impacts on power generation portfolio is investigated for the case of the UK. Particularly, the extra energy and power demands are quantified across different regions. Extensive simulations reveal that cold weather necessities an additional 630 MW of peak power when compared to optimal ambient temperatures. Simulation results further show that the hourly carbon intensity of the power grids could increase by 25% during cold days with low renewable generation. The problems pertinent to temperature effects on EV charging require greater attention as EVs are becoming the main mode of transport in the next decade.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Probabilistic Methodology to Quantify the Impacts of Cold Weather on Electric Vehicle Demand: A Case Study in the U.K.

Koncar

Bayram

2021

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the last years, there has been a growing body of literature on the impacts of cold weather on EV charging and driving ranges. In [12] and [8], the driving range of EVs is studied and it was shown that significant percentage of battery energy is used for battery/cabin heating and to provide the extra traction needed to drive in winter. In [8], measurements were taken from Nissan Leaf which was driven in Winnipeg, Canada.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Optimisation Framework for Fast Charging Stations Operating under Cold Weather

Bayram

2021

2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we present a probabilistic capacity planning framework for electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations that operate under cold weather. Existing literature on charging station modelling assumes that fast charging occurs at the rated capacity. However, recent empirical studies reveal that the actual charging rate depends on the battery and ambient temperatures and substantially reduces under cold weather. The proposed model is based on a multi-class queuing system where EV classes are determined based on temperature-dependent charger rates. The primary goal is to calculate minimum station capacity that can provide a certain level of quality of service (QoS) to each customer class. The performance metric describes the percentage of EVs that need to wait for service or leave the station. Case studies are provided to show the relationship between customer arrival rates, charging power and customer classes, and target QoS levels. The results further illustrate that the proposed framework achieves nearly one-third of capacity savings compared to baseline scenarios. The problems pertinent to temperature effects on EV charging require greater attention as EVs are becoming the main mode of transport in the next decade.

show abstract

“…2021, 12, 115 2 of 26 unlike internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), a BEV's range suffers substantially in cold ambient conditions [10]. The two main factors influencing the range of BEVs at low temperatures are the heating energy requirements [11,13,14] and the temperature sensitivity of the Li-ion battery cells [15], which are used primarily in modern BEVs for energy storage. Since electric powertrains have a higher efficiency than conventional ones, BEVs have less waste heat available for cabin heating than ICEVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range

Steinstraeter

Heinrich

Lienkamp

2021

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A significant disadvantage of battery electric vehicles compared to vehicles with internal combustion engines is their sharply decreased driving range at low temperatures. Two factors are primarily responsible for this decreased range. On the one hand, the energy demand of cabin heating needs to be supplied by the vehicle’s battery since less waste heat is available from the powertrain, which could be used to cover heating demands. On the other hand, a limited capability to recuperate at low temperatures serves to protect the battery from accelerated aging, which ultimately leads to less energy regeneration. This paper analyzes the impact of both factors separately on a battery electric vehicle’s driving range. Additionally, this paper provides technical requirements for the implementation of an electrothermal recuperation system. Such a system has the potential to reduce the impact of both abovementioned factors on driving range by enabling the direct usage of regeneratable energy for heating when battery charging is limited under cold conditions. The presented analysis is based on BMW i3 and Tesla Model 3 datasets, which combined cover more than 125 trips in and around Munich at different ambient conditions. The results show that the range can decrease by up to 31.9% due to heating and by up to 21.7% due to limited recuperation, which gives a combined maximum range decrease of approximately 50% under cold conditions. Additionally, it was found that a heater with a short reaction time in the lower millisecond range and a power capability of 20 kW would be sufficient for an electrothermal recuperation system to enable the utilization of unused regenerative braking potentials directly for heating.

show abstract

Simulation of an electric vehicle to study the impact of cabin heating on the driving range

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

A Probabilistic Methodology to Quantify the Impacts of Cold Weather on Electric Vehicle Demand: A Case Study in the U.K.

A Probabilistic Methodology to Quantify the Impacts of Cold Weather on Electric Vehicle Demand: A Case Study in the U.K.

Capacity Optimisation Framework for Fast Charging Stations Operating under Cold Weather

Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About