Simulation of Head/Neck Impact Responses for Helmeted and Unhelmeted Motorcyclists

Hellcopter Aircrew Helmets and Head Injury: A Protective Effect

“…These findings support the results of human cadaver research showing the benefit of helmet use, as well as the results of computer modeling of head/neck injuries in helmeted and unhelmeted motorcycle accident 17 victims. The present study provides even stronger evidence of protection from head injury than previously published research based on an older flight helmet (the APH-5).…”

Finite element modelling of helmeted head impact under frontal loading

“…One of the effective countermeasures to prevent head injuries in bicycle and motorcycle crashes is the use of a protective helmet. The beneficial effects of helmets in direct impact are well documented and helmets have been found to decrease the risk of head and brain injury by 70 to 88% and facial injury to the upper and mid-face by 65% (Becker 1998, Mohan & Kothiyal 1984, Bowman et al 1982, Huston & Sears 1981. Standards requiring helmets to conform to certain attributes and capabilities were set up as early as the 1950s and in most countries the drop test was the most common for determining impact performance of helmets.…”

“…The early numerical studies (Bowman et al 1982, Huston & Sears 1981 to assess the effectiveness of motorcycle helmets modelled the human body by concentrated masses joined by linkages and having energy absorbing joints. These studies investigated a wide variety of impact conditions and established that both head injury and severity of neck response were reduced by the use of helmet.…”