Simulation of ocean waves imaging by an along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Bao, Mingquan; Bruning, C.; Alpers, Werner

doi:10.1109/36.581977

Cited by 44 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Airborne ATI has been used for measurement of ocean currents (Bao et al 1997, Carande 1994, Goldstein and Zebker 1987. Another possible application is traffic monitoring.…”

Section: Along-track Interferometry (Ati)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry

1998

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a coherent active microwave imaging method. In remote sensing it is used for mapping the scattering properties of the Earth's surface in the respective wavelength domain. Many physical and geometric parameters of the imaged scene contribute to the grey value of a SAR image pixel. Scene inversion suffers from this high ambiguity and requires SAR data taken at different wavelength, polarization, time, incidence angle, etc. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) exploits the phase differences of at least two complex-valued SAR images acquired from different orbit positions and/or at different times. The information derived from these interferometric data sets can be used to measure several geophysical quantities, such as topography, deformations (volcanoes, earthquakes, ice fields), glacier flows, ocean currents, vegetation properties, etc. This paper reviews the technology and the signal theoretical aspects of InSAR. Emphasis is given to mathematical imaging models and the statistical properties of the involved quantities. Coherence is shown to be a useful concept for system description and for interferogram quality assessment. As a key step in InSAR signal processing two-dimensional phase unwrapping is discussed in detail. Several interferometric configurations are described and illustrated by real-world examples. A compilation of past, current and future InSAR systems concludes the paper.

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“…Airborne ATI has been used for measurement of ocean currents (Bao et al 1997, Carande 1994, Goldstein and Zebker 1987. Another possible application is traffic monitoring.…”

Section: Along-track Interferometry (Ati)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry

1998

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“…In [2] attention was paid to the features of SAR image formation through a combination of nonlinear and linear mechanisms. Simulations of interferometric SAR (InSAR) were proposed in other works [50], [51], [53]. Nunziata et al [54] designed a simulator for educational purposes, which, although simplified, still contains all the SAR image formation mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and SAR imaging of the sea surface: A review of the state-of-the-art with simulations

Rizaev

Karakuş

Hogan

et al. 2022

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

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“…Accordingly, two interfering SAR images can be acquired at different times from the same position (see Figure 1A,C). Along-track interferometry (ATI) configuration is usually used to estimate the radial motion of a surface point.In such a context, the ATI was firstly used for mapping the tidal ocean surface currents [94][95][96][97]. ATI is also principally applied for traffic monitoring with spaceborne SAR data [98-100].Remote Sensing, 2020, FOR PEER REVIEW 4Depending on the relative positions of the sensing transmitting/receiving antennas, different InSAR investigations configurations arise (e.g., [7,89,90]): 1) Across-track interferometry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along-track interferometry (ATI) configuration is usually used to estimate the radial motion of a surface point. In such a context, the ATI was firstly used for mapping the tidal ocean surface currents [94][95][96][97]. ATI is also principally applied for traffic monitoring with spaceborne SAR data [98-100].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Aperture SAR Interferometry (MAI) Technique for the Detection of Large Ground Displacement Dynamics: An Overview

et al. 2020

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This work presents an overview of the multiple aperture synthetic aperture radar interferometric (MAI) technique, which is primarily used to measure the along-track components of the Earth's surface deformation, by investigating its capabilities and potential applications. Such a method is widely used to monitor the time evolution of ground surface changes in areas with large deformations (e.g., due to glaciers movements or seismic episodes), permitting one to discriminate the three-dimensional (up-down, east-west, north-south) components of the Earth's surface displacements. The MAI technique relies on the spectral diversity (SD) method, which consists of splitting the azimuth (range) Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) signal spectrum into separate sub-bands to get an estimate of the surface displacement along the azimuth (sensor line-of-sight (LOS)) direction. Moreover, the SD techniques are also used to correct the atmospheric phase screen (APS) artefacts (e.g., the ionospheric and water vapor phase distortion effects) that corrupt surface displacement time-series obtained by currently available multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) tools. More recently, the SD methods have also been exploited for the fine co-registration of SAR data acquired with the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode. This work is primarily devoted to illustrating the underlying rationale and effectiveness of the MAI and SD techniques as well as their applications. In addition, we present an innovative method to combine complementary information of the ground deformation collected from multi-orbit/multi-track satellite observations. In particular, the presented technique complements the recently developed Minimum Acceleration combination (MinA) method with MAI-driven azimuthal ground deformation measurements to obtain the time-series of the 3-D components of the deformation in areas affected by large deformation episodes. Experimental results encompass several case studies. The validity and relevance of the presented approaches are clearly demonstrated in the context of geospatial analyses. several sensors (on-board space or aerial vectors) that have emerged in recent years. A significant role is performed by the technologies based on their use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data that allow long-lasting and extensive monitoring of the Earth's surface. SAR sensors are active instruments [7] that have been extensively employed for studying and monitoring the Earth's surface [8][9][10], as well as the surfaces of other celestial bodies such as the solar system planets [11][12][13]. SAR instruments exploit the interaction of packets of electromagnetic waves emitted by RADAR sensors that are backscattered from objects within an observed area. The signals used by radar sensors usually lie in the microwave band (i.e., in the range of wavelengths between 1 cm and 1 m). This means that radar instruments can be used efficiently under any meteorological condition (i.e., in the presence of a significant cloud cover) with a full day-and-nigh...

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Simulation of ocean waves imaging by an along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Modeling and SAR imaging of the sea surface: A review of the state-of-the-art with simulations

The Multiple Aperture SAR Interferometry (MAI) Technique for the Detection of Large Ground Displacement Dynamics: An Overview

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