Simulation of primary school-aged children’s earthquake evacuation in rural town

Xiao, Mei-Ling; Zhang, Yao; Liu, Benyu

doi:10.1007/s11069-017-2849-8

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nevertheless, some of the proposed models which have computed and estimated the evacuation time didn't consider the pre‐movement time of people during emergency situations. This type of dependency has been also shown in a large number of recent investigations into school evacuations 60–62 . The results of this study indicate that it would be useful for policy‐makers, officials and people themselves to pay more attention to the reactive responses that might be the main strategy of the behaviours of different people during emergencies in Iranian hospitals though these results collected behavioural intentions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…This type of dependency has been also shown in a large number of recent investigations into school evacuations. [60][61][62] The results of this study indicate that it would be useful for policy-makers, officials and people themselves to pay more attention to the reactive responses that might be the main strategy of the behaviours of different people during emergencies in Iranian hospitals though these results collected behavioural intentions. In fact, responsible organizations and agencies in all countries should take measures such as providing training to hospital staff as well as improving the knowledge and skills of various people in the community in relation to appropriate responses during emergency evacuations.…”

Section: Reactive Versus Proactive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study

Abouee-Mehrizi

Alizadeh

Masoomi

et al. 2021

Health Planning & Management

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Hospitals, which play an important role in reducing injuries and casualties, must be prepared for a crowd of people in emergencies. The present study aimed to survey and collect data on the likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals in order to improve emergency response plans in these places. The target population was all individuals present in three hospitals from Tabriz (including patients, companions and treatment staff), and the sample size was 1145. A questionnaire was administered to this population in order to collect the data. The comparison of different groups was performed based on participants' gender and their role. Results showed that, in general, everyone in the surveyed hospitals is more likely to choose a reactive strategy rather than a preventive strategy as well as a cooperative strategy rather than a competitive strategy, and less willing to use lifts during emergencies. Comparing different strategies utilized by different people resulting from ordered logit models revealed that there are significant differences in evacuation strategies between men and women as well as between treatment staff and all respondents. Men were more likely to select a proactive strategy rather than a reactive strategy compared to women. Also, the treatment staff group were more likely to employ a cooperative strategy and less likely to use a competitive strategy compared to other people. In view of the role of hospitals, the results of this study can play a major role in policy-making to predict

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Reactive Versus Proactive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study

Abouee-Mehrizi

Alizadeh

Masoomi

et al. 2021

Health Planning & Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The decision-making process and evacuation behavior of evacuees are highly correlated to the group psychology and the structure of transport facilities under earthquakes [4,5]. Numerous previous studies are consistent with this observation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective

Song

Liu

2021

Sustainability

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The automatic flap barrier gate system (AFBGS) plays a critical role in building security, but it is more vulnerable to natural hazards than common exits (including power failure, due to earthquakes, and delayed evacuation, due to safety certification, etc.). This article considers a dynamic decision-making process of evacuees during post-earthquake evacuation near an AFBGS. An interesting metaphor, broken windows (BW), is utilized to interpret people’s actual behavior during evacuation. A multi-stage decision-making mechanism of evacuees is developed to characterize the instantaneous transition among three defined stages: Habitual, mild, and radical states. Then, we build a modified three-layer social force model to reproduce the interaction between evacuees based on an actual post-earthquake evacuation. The simulations reveal that BW provides a contextualized understanding of emergency evacuation with a similar effect to the traditional metaphor. An earlier appearance of a mild rule breaker leads to a higher crowd evacuation efficiency. If evacuees maintain the state of broken windows behavior (BWB), the crowd evacuation efficiency can be improved significantly. Contrary to the criminological interpretation, the overall effect of mild BWB is positive, but the radical BWB is encouraged under the command of guiders.

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“…Most studies have only considered upright walking when analyzing the evacuation behavior of children [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, simulation-based studies of children’s evacuation behavior were also mostly conducted using the upright posture [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, taking on different evacuation postures can significantly affect evacuation velocity, and there are limited studies on physical characteristics in different postures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations between Evacuation Movements and Children’s Physiological Demands Analyzed via Wearable-Based Sensors

Zhang

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2022

Sensors

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During fire evacuations, crawling is recommended to prevent harm from toxic smoke and to access more breathable air. Few studies have evaluated the physiological burden of crawling, especially for children. The method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; skin temperature, SKT) was used to evaluate the effects of different locomotive postures on children’s velocity and physiological demands. Twenty-eight (28) children (13 boys and 15 girls), aged 4 to 6 years old, traveled up to 22.0 m in different postures: Upright walking (UW), stoop walking (SW), knee and hand crawling (KHC). The results showed that: (1) Gender and age had significant impacts on children’s velocity (p < 0.05): Boys were always faster than girls in any of the three postures and the older the child, the faster the velocity for KHC. (2) Physiological results demonstrated that KHC was more physically demanding than bipedal walking, represented by higher scores of the EDA and SKT indicators, similar to the findings of adults. (3) Gender and age had significant impacts on children’s physiological demands (p < 0.05). The physiological demands were greater for boys than girls. In addition, the higher the age, the less physiological demands he/she needs. Overall, the findings suggest that children are unnecessarily required to choose crawling precisely as adults as the best posture to respond to emergency scenarios. In a severe fire, stoop walking is suggested, as there is more respired air and children could move quickly and avoid overworking physiological burdens. The results of this study are expected to be considered in the evaluation of current evacuation recommendations and for the safety guide of preparedness to improve the effectiveness of risk reduction for children.

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Simulation of primary school-aged children’s earthquake evacuation in rural town

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study

Likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study

Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective

The Associations between Evacuation Movements and Children’s Physiological Demands Analyzed via Wearable-Based Sensors

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