Simulation of Sedimentary Basins

Kjeldstad, A.; Langtangen, H. P.; Skogseid, Jakob; Bjørlykke, Knut

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18237-2_15

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Modeling provided Data provided Intrusion thickness Normalized aureole Lithology of host-rock Barker and Bone (1995) V b -Da 2.2 m $5% D High grade limestone Barker et al (1998) T-F-L C V 0.06 -40 m 30-150% a D Clay/sediments Bishop and Abbott (1995) T V-TOC-RE-GC 0.3-3.0 m 30-70% a D Shale/silty shale Brown et al (1994) T-Ro V 40-60 m 150% a S Shale/limestone Bostick and Pawlewicz (1984) V 3.6-10.4 m 75-100% a D Shale/limestone Clayton and Bostick (1986) V-RE-GC-Da 1.3 m $50% a D Siltstone Cooper et al (2007) V-TOC-Da 0.15-1.8 m 75-110% a S/D Coal/black shale Delaney (1982) T Drits et al (2007) Mi 0.5-80 m $75% b S Mudstone Dutrow et al (2001) T-F-R TOC-Da 11 m 35-55% b D Carbonate/siltstone Finkelman et al (1998) V-RE-El-Mi 1.5 m $35% a D Coal/coke Fjeldskaar et al (2008) T-Ro V 118.5 m $150% c S Silt/shale/sandstone Galushkin (1997) T-F-L C -L D -Ro V 0.9-118.5 m 55-170% a S/D Black shale/silt George (1992) V-RE-GC-Da 3.5 m $70% a D Silt/oil shale Golab et al (2007) Mi Hanson and Barton (1989) T-L C -L D D Jaeger (1959) T-F-L V 100% c Kjeldstad et al (2003) T-F-P-Ro Litvinovski et al (1990) T-L M -P 500 m >>10% b D Clay/pumice Mastalerz et al (2009) V-Da >1.2 m $50% a D Coal Meyers and Simoneit (1999) TOC-RE-Da 1.5 m $60% b S Coal Othman et al (2001) V-RE-GC 0.40-15.7 m S Mudstone Perregaard and Schiener (1979) V-GC 4.5 m $50% a D Shale Peters et al (1983) V-RE-GC 0.2-15 m 50-70% a S Black shale Polyansky and Reverdatto (2006) T-L M -F-R 280 m 10-70% c S Sand/siltstone Raymond and Murchison (1988) V 50-118.5 m $100-200% a S Shale/silt/limestone Rodriguez Monreal et al (2009) T-Ro-HC V-RE-GC 110-600 m 50-100% a S Black shale Santos et al (2009) T Mi-El 13 m $90% b S Carbonate/ black shale Saxby and Stephenson (1987) TOC-GC-Da 3 m $50% b S Oil shale Simoneit et al (1978Simoneit et al ( , 1981 V-TOC-GC-Da 0.2-15 m 40-50% a ...…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The great span in this parameter in published aureole data suggests an influence of several factors, for example degree of background maturation, varying temperature of intrusion contact, different fluid systems, or multiple intrusions (e.g. Raymond and Murchison, 1988;Barker et al, 1998;Kjeldstad et al, 2003). To constrain some of these variations and how they influence the aureole processes, we test how key parameters (intrusion temperature, host-rock temperature and sill thickness) affect both the aureole thickness and the mass of generated gases during heating.…”

Section: Contact Metamorphism Of Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The asymmetry may result from vertical heat transport by fluids (e.g. Kjeldstad et al, 2003). However, conduction is expected to be the main heat-transfer process in low-permeable shale sequences due to limited pore-water convection (e.g.…”

Section: Heat Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins

Aarnes

Svensen

Connolly

et al. 2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

221

195

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Large volumes of greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and CO 2 form by contact metamorphism of organic-rich sediments in aureoles around sill intrusions in sedimentary basins. Thermogenic gas generation and dehydration reactions in shale are treated numerically in order to quantify basin-scale devolatilization. We show that aureole thicknesses, defined as the zone of elevated metamorphism relative to the background level, vary within 30-250% of the sill thickness, depending on the temperature of the host-rock and intrusion, besides the sill thickness. In shales with total organic carbon content of >5 wt.%, CH 4 is the dominant volatile (85-135 kg/m 3 ) generated through organic cracking, relative to H 2 O-generation from dehydration reactions (30-110 kg/m 3 ). Even using conservative estimates of melt volumes, extrapolation of our results to the scale of sill complexes in a sedimentary basin indicates that devolatilization can have generated $2700-16200 Gt CH 4 in the Karoo Basin (South Africa), and $600-3500 Gt CH 4 in the Vøring and Møre basins (offshore Norway). The generation of volatiles is occurring on a time-scale of 10-1000 years within an aureole of a single sill, which makes the rate of sill emplacement the time-constraining factor on a basin-scale. This study demonstrates that thousands of gigatons of potent greenhouse gases like methane can be generated during emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces in sedimentary basins.

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Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Contact Metamorphism Of Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins

Aarnes

Svensen

Connolly

et al. 2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

221

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During volcanic events large amounts of magma are emplaced into the sedimentary basins instead of reaching the surface. Such intrusions heat up the sediments and rapidly expel the pore fluids inducing prolonged fluid flow systems (Kjeldstad et al 2002;Svensen et al 2003Svensen et al , 2004. If the intrusions affect Figure 3.…”

Section: (B ) Volcanism Controlled Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused fluid flow in passive continental margins

Berndt

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

178

145

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Passive continental margins such as the Atlantic seaboard of Europe are important for society as they contain large energy resources, and they sustain ecosystems that are the basis for the commercial fish stock. The margin sediments are very dynamic environments. Fluids are expelled from compacting sediments, bottom water temperature changes cause gas hydrate systems to change their locations and occasionally large magmatic intrusions boil the pore water within the sedimentary basins, which is then expelled to the surface. The fluids that seep through the seabed at the tops of focused fluid flow systems have a crucial role for seabed ecology, and study of such fluid flow systems can also help in predicting the distribution of hydrocarbons in the subsurface and deciphering the climate record. Therefore, the study of focused fluid flow will become one of the most important fields in marine geology in the future.

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“…A calibrated kerogen cracking model considering the breaking of different kerogen bounds (Sweeney & Burnham, 1990) allows to calculate the amount of thermogenic gas that is converted from the total organic carbon (TOC) present in the host-rock. This kerogen cracking model has been used to estimate the degassing caused by contact metamorphism within the contact aureole around cooling sills (Iyer et al, 2018;Iyer et al, 2017;Iyer et al, 2013;Aarnes et al, 2015;Aarnes et al, 2011;Aarnes et al, 2010;Kjeldstad et al, 2003). To provide a potential basin-scale degassing estimate, the surface area of sill intrusions in the sedimentary basin of interest, for example,~85,000 km 2 in the Vøring and Møre Basins (offshore Norway, Svensen et al, 2004) and~370,000 km 2 in the Karoo Basin (South Africa, Svensen et al, 2017), is used to upscale the quantitative results obtained from a single cooling sill model (e.g., Aarnes et al, 2010;Iyer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Degassing Pulses During Magma Invasion in the Stratified Karoo Basin—New Insights From Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Modeling

Galerne

Hasenclever

2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Magma emplacement in organic‐rich sedimentary basins is a main driver of past environmental crises. Using a 2‐D numerical model, we investigate the process of thermal cracking in contact aureoles of cooling sills and subsequent transport and emission of thermogenic methane by hydrothermal fluids. Our model includes a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion to initiate hydrofracturing and a dynamic porosity/permeability. We investigate the Karoo Basin, taking into account host‐rock material properties from borehole data, realistic total organic carbon content, and different sill geometries. Consistent with geological observations, we find that thermal plumes quickly rise at the edges of saucer‐shaped sills, guided along vertically fractured high‐permeability pathways. Contrastingly, less focused and slower plumes rise from the edges and the central part of flat‐lying sills. Using a novel upscaling method based on sill‐to‐sediment ratio, we find that degassing of the Karoo Basin occurred in two distinct phases during magma invasion. Rapid degassing triggered by sills emplaced within the top 1.5 km emitted ~1.6·103 Gt of thermogenic methane, while thermal plumes originating from deeper sills, carrying a 13‐times‐greater mass of methane, may not reach the surface. We suggest that these large quantities of methane could be remobilized by the heat provided by neighboring sills. We conclude that the Karoo large igneous province may have emitted as much as ~22.3·103 Gt of thermogenic methane in the half million years of magmatic activity, with emissions up to 3 Gt/year. This quantity of methane and the emission rates can explain the negative δ13C excursion of the Toarcian environmental crisis.

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Simulation of Sedimentary Basins

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins

How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins

Focused fluid flow in passive continental margins

Distinct Degassing Pulses During Magma Invasion in the Stratified Karoo Basin—New Insights From Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Modeling

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