Simulation of Stochastic Blockchain Models

Piriou, Pierre-Yves; Dumas, Jean‐François

doi:10.1109/edcc.2018.00035

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hence, the implementation objective was comparing the PoG with other CAs such as PoW and PoS. Another limited BC implementation was proposed by Piriou & Dumas (2018) , where only the blocks appending and broadcasting aspects are considered. The tool was implemented using Python, and it aimed at performing Monte Carlo simulations to obtain probabilistic results on consistency and the ability to discard double-spending attacks of BC protocols.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

Baniata¹,

Kertész²

2021

PeerJ Computer Science

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A lot of hard work and years of research are still needed for developing successful Blockchain (BC) applications. Although it is not yet standardized, BC technology was proven as to be an enhancement factor for security, decentralization, and reliability, leading to be successfully implemented in cryptocurrency industries. Fog computing (FC) is one of the recently emerged paradigms that needs to be improved to serve Internet of Things (IoT) environments of the future. As hundreds of projects, ideas, and systems were proposed, one can find a great R&D potential for integrating BC and FC technologies. Examples of organizations contributing to the R&D of these two technologies, and their integration, include Linux, IBM, Google, Microsoft, and others. To validate an integrated Fog-Blockchain protocol or method implementation, before the deployment phase, a suitable and accurate simulation environment is needed. Such validation should save a great deal of costs and efforts on researchers and companies adopting this integration. Current available simulation environments facilitate Fog simulation, or BC simulation, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a Fog-Blockchain simulator, namely FoBSim, with the main goal to ease the experimentation and validation of integrated Fog-Blockchain approaches. According to our proposed workflow of simulation, we implement different Consensus Algorithms (CA), different deployment options of the BC in the FC architecture, and different functionalities of the BC in the simulation. Furthermore, technical details and algorithms on the simulated integration are provided. We validate FoBSim by describing the technologies used within FoBSim, highlighting FoBSim’s novelty compared to the state-of-the-art, discussing the event validity in FoBSim, and providing a clear walk-through validation. Finally, we simulate case studies, then present and analyze the obtained results, where deploying the BC network in the fog layer shows enhanced efficiency in terms of total run time and total storage cost.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

Baniata¹,

Kertész²

2021

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…Dumas 34 propose a basic stochastic model for the blockchain protocol to capture the block creation and broadcasting process. They model blocks as abstract objects with just the necessary information to analyze the ledger evolution.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling and analysis of the bitcoin protocol in the presence of block communication delays

Bistarelli

Nicola

Galletta

et al. 2021

Concurrency and Computation

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We analyze the protocol of the Bitcoin blockchain by using the PRISM probabilistic model checker. In particular, we (i) extend PRISM with the ledger data type, (ii) model the behaviour of the key participants in the protocol -the miners -and (iii) describe the whole protocol as a parallel composition of processes. The probabilistic analysis of the model highlights how forks happen and how they depend on specific parameters of the protocol, such as the difficulty of the cryptopuzzle and the network communication delays. Our results confirm that considering transactions in blocks at depth larger than 5 as permanent is reasonable because the majority of miners have consistent blockchains up-to that depth with probability of almost 1. We also study the behaviour of networks with churn miners, which may leave the network and rejoin afterwards, and with different topologies.

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“…In a stochastic model for Blockchain evolution, if M ( t ) and X k ( t ) = L 0 ( t ) + L k ( t ) evolves as a Markov process with transitions from x to x + e k happen at

λ_{k}

γ

is given by Equation (1): 57,58

γ = \sum_{y \in ℕ^{K}} π (y) \sum_{k = 1}^{K} \sum_{l = 1}^{K} μ_{k, l} z_{k, l} (y) 𝕀_{{y_{k} \neq y_{l}}} = \sum_{y \in ℕ^{K}} π (y) \sum_{k = 1}^{K} λ_{k} 𝕀_{false{y_{k} = \max_{l = 1, \dots, K} y_{l} false}} .

…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing logistics system and supply chain using Blockchain

Kumar

Abhishek

Ghalib

et al. 2020

Appl Stoch Models Bus & Ind

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Past international trade practices have been associated with opaque information flows that have hindered traceability and created hurdles in hassle‐free trade. Blockchain and allied technologies have been investigated as a panacea for the problems faced by supply chain and logistics industry. Network analysis also uncovered twenty types of legal and antisocial entities operating on bitcoin and provided a path for uncovering these antisocial entities. However, earlier works of literature have focused on limited aspects of a typical supply chain such as monitoring assets, securing traceability, data integrity negligence, and data access. To overcome such drawbacks, this article proposes permissioned Blockchain with relevant processes and functions to obtain a holistic framework for securing the supply chain and logistic operations. The efficacy of the proposed framework was demonstrated in the case study. Comparative study was performed with the existing frameworks where the proposed framework was found to be better at four counts compared on the basis of data integrity in supply chain, decentralized decision making and traceability. It was found that critical loopholes in a current supply chain can be overcome using the proposed framework.

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Simulation of Stochastic Blockchain Models

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

Stochastic modeling and analysis of the bitcoin protocol in the presence of block communication delays

Securing logistics system and supply chain using Blockchain

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