“…On these grounds, we will only consider “simulation studies”, purposely planned to assess the external plausibility of findings from analytical studies of specific CNS tumour risks in relation to mobile phone use, by comparing predicted and observed time-trends of incidence rates. To date, studies of this type have been conducted for malignant brain tumours in the whole ( Chapman et al, 2016 , Sato et al, 2019 ); for gliomas ( de Vocht, 2016 , de Vocht, 2017 , de Vocht, 2019 , Deltour et al, 2012 , Karipidis et al, 2018 , Karipidis et al, 2019 , Little et al, 2012 , Villeneuve et al, 2021 ); for glioma subtypes [astrocytoma ( Little et al 2012 ); glioblastoma multiforme ( de Vocht, 2016 , de Vocht, 2019 )]; and for multiple histotypes of malignant and benign tumours in the temporal lobe ( de Vocht 2019 ). We intend using findings from these studies to set a range of “implausible sizes” for the measures of effect reported by the glioma/brain cancer studies considered in SR-A.…”