Simulation of the influence of surface tension on granule morphology during spray drying using a simple capillary force model

Surface tension examination of various liquid oral, nasal, and ophthalmic dosage forms

“…The layer of molecules on the surface attempt to minimize their overall surface area by being attracted to molecules in the bulk liquid. It is well known that surface tension is considered a critical parameter in other areas with significant liquid–air exposures, such as spray dryer, [ 1 ] fuel injection, [ 2 ] childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD), [ 3 ] as well as by us recently in the determination of the p K a values of polymers [ 4 ] . The surface tension of ophthalmic and nasal formulations affects the rate of its evaporation, the interaction with the lacrimal film of tears or the airway mucosal lining, as well as how easily it would spread along a biological surface.…”

Spray-drying synthesis and vanadium-catalyzed graphitization of a nanocrystalline γ-Li3.2V0.8Si0.2O4/C anode material with a unique double capsule structure

“…3b). These ow dynamics carry the liquid-phase precursors to the droplet surfaces due to capillary action 70,71 (indicated as black arrows in Fig. 3b 1 ).…”

Unveiling Sodium Ion Pollution in Spray-Dried Precursors and Its Implications for the Green Upcycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Although the particles are completely spherical and the outer surface of the particles is relatively smooth, the inside of the particles grows burr-like crystal columns in the reverse direction, forming a special hollow spherical shell structure. The possible reason is that during the rapid evaporation process, the surface tension of the liquid promotes the droplet to form a spherical shell structure, and thus results in the instantaneous negative pressure inside the droplet, which further induces the sodium salt crystals to extend and grow toward the center of the particle. , Figure d–f shows the CH 3 COOH-based spray-dried products. These particles present a meteorite-like structure that has the same size, similar morphology, and uniform dispersion and their surface shrinks to form folds.…”