Simulation of the transient behavior of tubular solid oxide electrolyzer cells under fast load variations

Fogel, Stefan; Kryk, Holger; Hampel, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.063

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Due to the level of detail and the computation time required, these models are not suitable for system simulations. Others 16,19,20 are only suited for either SOFC or SOEC simulation. Therefore, Srikanth et al 13 developed a detailed transient cell model for reversible SOC operation with a lumped, non-linear 1D resolution approach.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Modeling Solid Oxide Cell Reactors with Multiple Stacks for Process System Simulation

Tomberg

Heddrich

Sedeqi

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Reactors with solid oxide cells (SOC) are highly efficient electrochemical energy converters, which can be used for electricity generation and production of chemical feedstocks. The technology is in an upscaling phase, demanding development of strategies for robust and efficient operation or large SOC reactors and plants. The present state of the technology requires reactors with multiple stacks to achieve the appropriate power. This study aims to establish and apply a simulation framework to investigate process systems containing SOC reactors with multiple stacks focusing especially on the operating behavior of SOC reactors under transient conditions, by observing the performance of all cells in the reactor. For this purpose, a simulation model of the entire SOC reactor consisting of multiple stacks, pipes, manifolds, and thermal insulation was developed. After validation on stack and reactor level, the model was used to investigate the fundamental behavior of the SOC reactors and the individual stacks in various operation modes. Additionally, the influences of local degradation and reactor scaling on the performance were examined. The results show that detailed investigation of the reactors is necessary to ensure operability and to increase efficiency and robustness. Furthermore, the computing performance is sufficient to develop and validate system controls.

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Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Modeling Solid Oxide Cell Reactors with Multiple Stacks for Process System Simulation

Tomberg

Heddrich

Sedeqi

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…18,54,289 As regards SOEC operation, a 2D dynamic model is presented in ref. 290 to estimate tubular SOEC behavior: different electric load variations are considered to estimate cell response time in terms of obtained voltage and temperature.…”

Section: Multi-physics Numerical Simulation (High-level Models)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components

McPhail

Frangini

Laurencin

et al. 2021

Electrochemical Science Adv

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In this review paper, a critical assessment of the main degradation processes in three key components of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers (negative and positive electrodes and the interconnect) is undertaken, attempting prioritization of respective degradation effects and recommendation of the best approaches in their experimental ascertainment and numerical modeling.Besides different approaches to quantifying the degradation rate of an operating solid oxide cell (SOC), the latest advancements in microstructural representation (3D imaging and reconstruction) of SOC electrodes are reviewed, applied to the quantification of triple-phase boundary (TPB) lengths and morphology evolution over time. The intrinsic degradation processes in the negative (fuel)This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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“…Varying load changes may result in under-performance, thermal safety concerns, and degradation of SOCs 11 , 17 – 19 . To mitigate these challenges, researchers have proposed several control and design strategies 20 – 24 aimed at facilitating safe operation and improving the inherent transient characteristics of SOCs. For example, Nerat 19 recommended maintaining the anode supporting layer thickness above 0.1 mm to prevent local fuel starvation during the dynamic operation of a planar SOFC, and proposed a load variation rate with a time constant of 50 ms to minimize electrical overshoot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering two general characteristic times of transient responses in solid oxide cells

Liang,

Wang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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A comprehensive understanding of the transient characteristics in solid oxide cells (SOCs) is crucial for advancing SOC technology in renewable energy storage and conversion. However, general formulas describing the relationship between SOC transients and multiple parameters remain elusive. Through comprehensive numerical analysis, we find that the thermal and gaseous response times of SOCs upon rapid electrical variations are on the order of two characteristic times (τh and τm), respectively. The gaseous response time is approximately 1τm, and the thermal response time aligns with roughly 2τh. These characteristic times represent the overall heat and mass transfer rates within the cell, and their mathematical relationships with various SOC design and operating parameters are revealed. Validation of τh and τm is achieved through comparison with an in-house experiment and existing literature data, achieving the same order of magnitude for a wide range of electrochemical cells, showcasing their potential use for characterizing transient behaviors in a wide range of electrochemical cells. Moreover, two examples are presented to demonstrate how these characteristic times can streamline SOC design and control without the need for complex numerical simulations, thus offering valuable insights and tools for enhancing the efficiency and durability of electrochemical cells.

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Simulation of the transient behavior of tubular solid oxide electrolyzer cells under fast load variations

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

A New Approach to Modeling Solid Oxide Cell Reactors with Multiple Stacks for Process System Simulation

A New Approach to Modeling Solid Oxide Cell Reactors with Multiple Stacks for Process System Simulation

Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components

Discovering two general characteristic times of transient responses in solid oxide cells

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