Simulation study on temperature field and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy round ingot during EBCHM

Abstract

The solidification structure of Ti-6Al-4V round ingot during the electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) directly determines the quality of the ingot and the performance of the subsequent rolled coil. In this paper, the Cellular Automaton Finite Element (CAFE) method is used to numerically simulate the solidification structure of Ti-6Al-4V ingot. Firstly, the mathematical model is established with a numerical solution. Secondly, effects of process parameters including the pouring temperature and pulling speed on the solidification structure are revealed. The results show that the microstructures predicted by the numerical method match the experimental results. For the case of fixed pulling speed, a reduction in the pouring temperature leads to the grain refinement and the decreased volatilization of Al. With an increase of the pulling speed, the number of grains first increases and then decreases, but the average grain size first decreases and then increases. Furthermore, the maximum grain size monotonically increases with increasing the pulling speed. Thus, the fine solidified structure with fine grains can be obtained at the pouring temperature of 1700 °C and the pulling speed of 4 × 10−4 m s−1.

Effect of Heat‐Treatment and NiB–TiO2 Composite Coating on the Tribological Performance of AISI P20 Steel

“…This phenomenon is identified as fatigue wear, predominantly occurring on the coating surface. [ 69 ] Furthermore, a portion of the ejected wear debris may undergo sintering and compaction, readhering to the NiB–TiO 2 surface due to frictional heating, thus forming a thicker layer (Figure 12a,b).…”

Study of electron beam refining of metals by modelling of heat processes

“…The study of the processes and parameters, influencing on the temperature field distribution, molten pool (bath) geometry characteristics and energy losses (heat flows) through the ingot boundaries during e-beam processing is very important for better understanding and process control and recommendation of conditions ensuring stable molten pools and better refining. Models developed in this field and the corresponding kinetic and thermodynamic conditions have a major role in the effectiveness of refining of the studied material [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In the current work, a time-dependent developed heat mathematical model and simulation tool are applied for studying heat transfer processes at e-beam refining of different metal materials (copper, titanium, and tantalum).…”

Numerical simulation of cellular automaton in vacuum arc remelting during the solidification process

“…It is concluded that the dislocation density during the friction stir vibration welding (FSVW) is higher than that in the FSW process and the process of nucleation and grain growth is faster for samples during FSVW compared to FSW. Peng et al [12] used the Cellular Automaton Finite Element (CAFE) method is used to numerically simulate the solidification structure of Ti-6Al-4V ingot. Firstly, the mathematical model is established with a numerical solution.…”