Simulations of dolphin kick swimming using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Cohen, Raymond C.Z.; Cleary, Paul W.; Mason, Bruce R.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2011.06.008

Cited by 90 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In turn, cohen et al [24] proved that an increase in the velocity of underwater dolphin kicks is achieved by a raise in the frequency. The present study also confirmed this relationship (r = 0.47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater dolphin kicks of young swimmers – evaluation of effectiveness based on kinematic analysis

Wądrzyk¹,

Nosiadek²,

Staszkiewicz³

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The aim of the study was to distinguish the kinematic indicators influencing the average horizontal velocity of swimming (v cOM ) with underwater dolphin kicks (UDK). Methods. The study involved 15 boys and 20 girls (mean age, 11.5 ± 1.00 years; height, 1.57 ± 0.09 m; training experience, 2.5 ± 1.00 years) practicing swimming 7 times a week. We determined the body height (H), the length of the body with the arms lifted (L b ), and the best result in the 50-m freestyle (pbt); characteristic anthropological points were marked on the body. The subjects performed UDK after a water-start for a distance of ca. 8 m (without a push-off from the wall). Movements were recorded with an underwater camera. The recordings were kinematically analysed with the SkillSpector program. On this basis, we calculated v cOM , frequency of movement (f), amplitude of movement (A), horizontal displacement in one cycle (D pk ), maximum flexion in the knee joints (KF max ), the product of f and A (I Af ), the Strouhal number (St), and relative amplitude of toe movement (A rEL ).Results. The movements of the subjects were characterized as follows: v cOM = 1.08 ± 0.13 m/s, f = 2.00 ± 0.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater dolphin kicks of young swimmers – evaluation of effectiveness based on kinematic analysis

Wądrzyk¹,

Nosiadek²,

Staszkiewicz³

2018

Hum Mov.

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“…In competitive swimming, both underwater and surface swimming techniques (Cohen, Cleary, & Mason, 2012) are employed by competitors to overcome the aquatic constraints that impose forward http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.04.002 0167-9457/Ó 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at present, there is a growing research interest in these competitive techniques Hochstein & Blickhan, 2011;Puel et al, 2012) as they are supposed to provide a competitive edge to swimmers (Atkinson, Dickey, Dragunas, & Nolte, 2014;von Loebbecke, Mittal, Fish, et al, 2009). Several factors have been reported to affect the effectiveness of underwater undulatory swimming, including the kick frequency (Cohen et al, 2012), amplitude (Houel, Elipot, André, & Hellard, 2013), symmetry (Atkinson et al, 2014) and swimmer morphology (von Loebbecke, Mittal, Fish, et al, 2009). Distances traveled with underwater movements have been found relevant to the starting and turning (Blanksby, Elliott, McElroy, & Simpson, 1998;Tourny-Chollet, Chollet, Hogie, & Papparodopoulos, 2002) competitive performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different swimming race constraints on turning movements

Veiga

Mallo

Navandar

et al. 2014

Human Movement Science

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different swimming race constraints on the evolution of turn parameters. One hundred and fifty-eight national and regional level 200-m (meters) male swimming performances were video-analyzed using the individualized-distance model in the Open Comunidad de Madrid tournament. Turn (p < .001, ES = 0.36) and underwater distances (p < .001, ES = 0.38) as well as turn velocity (p < .001, ES = 0.69) significantly dropped throughout the race, although stroke velocity and underwater velocity were maintained in the last lap of the race (p > .05). Higher expertise swimmers obtained faster average velocities and longer distances in all the turn phases (p < .001, ES = 0.59), except the approach distance. In addition, national level swimmers showed the ability to maintain most of the turn parameters throughout the race, which assisted them in improving average velocity at the end of races. Therefore, the variations in the turning movements of a swimming race were expertise-related and focused on optimizing average velocity. Turning skills should be included in the swimming race action plan.

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“…To investigate the impacts of swimmer movements on fluid flows, more recent CFD/PIV studies have tested models in different configurations (i.e. manipulation of head position [70], or finger spread [71][72][73][74][75]) or in full dynamic mode (during the dolphin kick [76][77][78] or the front crawl [79]). For instance, maintaining the streamlined head position might decrease drag values by 20% at high swimming speeds during glide [70].…”

Section: Fluid Perturbations From Swimmer's Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual–Environment Interactions in Swimming: The Smallest Unit for Analysing the Emergence of Coordination Dynamics in Performance?

et al. 2017

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Displacement in competitive swimming is highly dependent on fluid characteristics, since athletes use these properties to propel themselves. It is essential for sport scientists and practitioners to clearly identify the interactions that emerge between each individual swimmer and properties of an aquatic environment. Traditionally, the two protagonists in these interactions have been studied separately. Determining the impact of each swimmer's movements on fluid flow, and vice versa, is a major challenge. Classic biomechanical research approaches have focused on swimmers' actions, decomposing stroke characteristics for analysis, without exploring perturbations to fluid flows. Conversely, fluid mechanics research has sought to record fluid behaviours, isolated from the constraints of competitive swimming environments (e.g. analyses in two-dimensions, fluid flows passively studied on mannequins or robot effectors). With improvements in technology, however, recent investigations have focused on the emergent circular couplings between swimmers' movements and fluid dynamics. Here, we provide insights into concepts and tools that can explain these on-going dynamical interactions in competitive swimming within the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics. 3 Key points Swimming movements are characterised by continuous interactions between individuals and the aquatic environment: water is essential to progression, yet it also acts as a brake on swimmers' displacement.  Ecological dynamics is a theoretical framework that provides concepts and tools to investigate the continuous coupling of performers and the performance environment in swimming, providing an indivisible entity for analysis.  Key ideas in ecological dynamics (constraints and affordances) are highlighted to help coaches to design representative practice contexts for athletes that simulate competitive performance environments in swimming.4

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Simulations of dolphin kick swimming using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Cited by 90 publications

References 22 publications

Underwater dolphin kicks of young swimmers – evaluation of effectiveness based on kinematic analysis

Underwater dolphin kicks of young swimmers – evaluation of effectiveness based on kinematic analysis

Effects of different swimming race constraints on turning movements

Individual–Environment Interactions in Swimming: The Smallest Unit for Analysing the Emergence of Coordination Dynamics in Performance?

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