Simultaneous accurate determination of both gravity and its vertical gradient

Caldani, Romain; Weng, Kanxing; Merlet, Sébastien; Santos, F. Pereira Dos

doi:10.1103/physreva.99.033601

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In order to be maximally sensitive to variations of this phase the interferometers are interrogated at mid-fringe and maintained in this configuration with a dual feedback loop on both the Raman frequency, and on a frequency jump on the Raman detuning for the second pulse of the interferometer, following Ref. [19]. The feedback on those quantities is then expressed in terms of gravity acceleration g, and its vertical gravity gradient Γ zz using precisely known parameters of the interferometers (see Methods).…”

Section: Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum gravimeters measure g from the phase of an atomic Mach-Zender interferometer by locking the Raman laser on its central fringe using an adjustable frequency chirp. To be able to track two interferometers at the same time, Caldani et al [19] proposed to use an adjustment of the laser wave-vector [36] to control the phase difference between the two interferometers. Adjusting both the frequency chirp and the wave-vector gives access to g and Γ zz simultaneously.…”

Section: Dual Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past 20 years, AIs have evolved from large, complex laboratory research experiments [10][11][12][13], to compact instruments [3] that can be used outside the lab [5,14], or on moving platforms [15,16]. Not only have these quantum sensors demonstrated better performance than their classical counterparts [17,18], but they offer the possibility to perform simultaneous absolute measurements of the acceleration g and gradient Γ zz due to gravity [19]. Combined, these two quantities provide an improved picture of the surrounding mass distribution [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A compact differential gravimeter at the quantum projection noise limit

Janvier,

Ménoret,

Merlet

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Atom interferometry offers new perspectives for geophysics and inertial sensing. We present the industrial prototype of a new type of quantum-based instrument: a compact, transportable, differential quantum gravimeter capable of measuring simultaneously the absolute values of both gravitational acceleration, g, and its vertical gradient, Γzz. While the sensitivity to g is competitive with the best industrial gravimeters, the sensitivity on Γzz reaches the limit set by quantum projection noise-leading to an unprecedented long-term stability of 0.1 E (1 E=1×10 −9 s −2 ). This unique, dual-purpose instrument, paves the way for new applications in geophysics, civil engineering, and gravity-aided navigation, where accurate mapping of the gravitational field plays an important role.

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Section: Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A compact differential gravimeter at the quantum projection noise limit

Janvier,

Ménoret,

Merlet

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Etna. First, frequency-doubled telecom lasers are employed to cool and manipulate the atoms (Ménoret et al, 2011;Lévèque et al, 2014;Theron et al, 2015;Caldani et al, 2019;Sabulsky et al, 2020). This means that the laser system is completely fibered, and intrinsically very compact and immune to external perturbations, while ensuring a high level of performance.…”

Section: Design Of the Field Quantum Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

The NEWTON-g Gravity Imager: Toward New Paradigms for Terrain Gravimetry

et al. 2020

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Knowledge of the spatio-temporal changes in the characteristics and distribution of subsurface fluids is key to properly addressing important societal issues, including: sustainable management of energy resources (e.g., hydrocarbons and geothermal energy), management of water resources, and assessment of hazard (e.g., volcanic eruptions). Gravimetry is highly attractive because it can detect changes in subsurface mass, thus providing a window into processes that involve deep fluids. However, high cost and operating features associated with current instrumentation seriously limits the practical field use of this geophysical method. The NEWTON-g project proposes a radical change of paradigm for gravimetry through the development of a fieldcompatible measuring system (the gravity imager), able to real-time monitor the evolution of the subsurface mass changes. This system includes an array of lowcosts microelectromechanical systems-based relative gravimeters, anchored on an absolute quantum gravimeter. It will provide imaging of gravity changes, associated with variations in subsurface fluid properties, with unparalleled spatio-temporal resolution. During the final ∼2 years of NEWTON-g, the gravity imager will be field tested in the summit of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), where frequent gravity fluctuations, easy access to the active structures and the presence of a multiparameter monitoring system (including traditional gravimeters) ensure an excellent natural laboratory for testing the new tools. Insights from the gravity imager will be used to i) improve our knowledge of the causeeffect relationships between volcanic processes and gravity changes observable at the surface and ii) develop strategies to best incorporate the gravity data into hazards assessments and mitigation plans. A successful implementation of NEWTON-g will open new doors for geophysical exploration.

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“…Finally, when using multiple concurrent interferometers at different heights, the effect of a homogeneous gravity gradient can be mitigated by measuring it simultaneously with the acceleration value (Caldani et al 2019). In this case, the effective height corresponds to the position of the mirror giving the inertial reference.…”

Section: Effective Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

Schilling

Wodey

Timmen

et al. 2020

J Geod

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Absolute gravimeters are used in geodesy, geophysics and physics for a wide spectrum of applications. Stable gravimetric measurements over timescales from several days to decades are required to provide relevant insight into geophysical processes. Users of absolute gravimeters participate in comparisons with a metrological reference in order to monitor the temporal stability of the instruments and determine the bias to that reference. However, since no measurement standard of higher-order accuracy currently exists, users of absolute gravimeters participate in key comparisons led by the International Committee for Weights and Measures. These comparisons provide the reference values of highest accuracy compared to the calibration against a single gravimeter operated at a metrological institute. The construction of stationary, large-scale atom interferometers paves the way for a new measurement standard in absolute gravimetry used as a reference with a potential stability up to $$1\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 1 nm / s 2 at 1 s integration time. At the Leibniz University Hannover, we are currently building such a very long baseline atom interferometer with a 10-m-long interaction zone. The knowledge of local gravity and its gradient along and around the baseline is required to establish the instrument’s uncertainty budget and enable transfers of gravimetric measurements to nearby devices for comparison and calibration purposes. We therefore established a control network for relative gravimeters and repeatedly measured its connections during the construction of the atom interferometer. We additionally developed a 3D model of the host building to investigate the self-attraction effect and studied the impact of mass changes due to groundwater hydrology on the gravity field around the reference instrument. The gravitational effect from the building 3D model is in excellent agreement with the latest gravimetric measurement campaign which opens the possibility to transfer gravity values with an uncertainty below the $${10}\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 10 nm / s 2 level.

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Simultaneous accurate determination of both gravity and its vertical gradient

Cited by 37 publications

References 62 publications

A compact differential gravimeter at the quantum projection noise limit

A compact differential gravimeter at the quantum projection noise limit

The NEWTON-g Gravity Imager: Toward New Paradigms for Terrain Gravimetry

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

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