Simultaneous degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and phenolic compounds by a defined mixed culture ofPseudomonas spp.

Babu, K. S.; Ajithkumar, P.V.; Kunhi, A. A. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00704636

Cited by 11 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, there seems to be no report on degradation of these two compounds simultaneously by immobilized cells of any organisms, although there have been several reports of degradation of phenol (Agarry et al, 2008;Ahamad and Kunhi, 2011) and a few reports on catabolism of 3-CBA (Sahasrabudhe et al, 1991;Yun et al, 2009) separately by immobilized microbes. In the present study, the complete disappearance of 2 mM each of phenol and 3-CBA occurred within 6 and 7 h, respectively with the release of stoichiometric amounts of Cl¯ whereas with free cells the disappearance of the same amounts of substrates took more than 9 h and the complete mineralization with the release of stoichiometric amount of Cl¯ took about 24 h (Babu et al, 1995a). Degradation of same amounts of the substrates by free cells of a mixed culture of strains 3mT and SPC-2 also took more than 24 h (Jayachandran and Kunhi, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…In the present case 5 and 10 mM (i.e. 470.55 and 941.1 mg/L) phenol in the equimolar mixture was degraded within 25 and 66 h, respectively (Figures 3 and 4) whereas the mixed culture in free suspended form in shake flasks took 48 and 90 h to reach maximum growth indicating complete utilization of 5 and 10 mM phenol in equimolar mixtures (Babu et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…However, we have reported earlier that a mixed culture containing free cells of strains CP4 and 3mT could efficiently degrade a phenol-3-CBA mixture (Babu et al, 1995a). Similarly, a mixed culture of strains 3mT and P. stutzeri SPC-2, another phenol-degrader with an ortho-pathway also was shown to degrade both these substrates simultaneously (Jayachandran and Kunhi, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…CP4 (Babu et al, 1995b;Ahamad and Kunhi, 1999;Ahamad et al, 2001) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3mT (Babu et al, 1995a;Ajith-Kumar and Kunhi, 2000;Jayachandran and Kunhi, 2009) used in this study were the ones isolated in the laboratory previously.…”

Section: Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More efficient degradation of high concentrations of mixtures of chloro-and non-chloroaromatics by mixed cultures of microbial strains that can degrade a high concentration of at least one of the compounds requires the use of mutually compatible strains. We have, earlier, demonstrated efficient degradation of 3-CBAphenol/cresols mixtures simultaneously by free cells of a two-membered mixed culture, in shake flasks, when added at appropriate inoculum and substrate ratios (Babu et al, 1995a). This mixed culture contained Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Simultaneous degradation of phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate by a mixture of separately immobilized cells of two strainsof Pseudomonas – A preliminary study

Yossouff¹,

Abdulla²

2011

MJM

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Simultaneous degradation of halogenated and non-halogenated aromatic compounds that are catabolised through different cleavage pathways is generally difficult due to biochemical incompatibility. However, free cells of a mixed culture of Pseudomonas sp. CP4 that degrades phenol through meta-pathway and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 3mT that degrades 3-chlorobenzoate through ortho-pathway was shown, earlier, to degrade mixtures of phenol/cresols and 3-chlorobenzoate in shake flasks. In the present study the degrading efficiency of these strains when immobilized (separately) in Ca-alginate gel beads was tested using a fluidized bed reactor. Complete mineralization of up to 5 mM equimolar mixture of phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate was observed when the beads were used at 1:1 ratio. From a 10 mM equimolar mixture although phenol was completely mineralized 3-chlorobenzoate degradation was not complete as evidenced by accumulation of some intermediary metabolites and the release of only 86% of inorganic chloride (Cl¯). Degradation rates of both the compounds by the immobilized cells, in general, were far better than that by the free cells. With further studies to select suitable gel matrices and optimization of bioreactor conditions these strains can be effectively deployed for treatment of heterogeneous aromatic wastes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Simultaneous degradation of phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate by a mixture of separately immobilized cells of two strainsof Pseudomonas – A preliminary study

Yossouff¹,

Abdulla²

2011

MJM

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Mineralization of phenol and its derivatives by Pseudomonas sp. strain CP4

Babu¹,

Ajithkumar²,

Kunhi³

1995

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

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A Pseudomonas sp. strain, CP4, was isolated that used phenol up to 1.5 g/l as sole source of carbon and energy. Optimal growth on 1.5 g phenol/l was at pH 6.5 to 7.0 and 30°C. Unadapted cells needed 72 h to decrease the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of about 2000 mg/l (from 1 g phenol/l) to about 200 mg/l. Adapted cells, pregrown on phenol, required only 65 h to decrease the COD level to below 100 mg/l. Adaptation of cells to phenol also improved the degradation of cresols. Cell-free extracts of strain CP4 grown on phenol or o-, m- or p-cresol had sp. act. of 0.82, 0.35, 0.54 and 0.32 units of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and 0.06, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.03 units of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively. Cells grown on glucose or succinate had neither activity. Benzoate and all isomers of cresol, creosote, hydroxybenzoates, catechol and methyl catechol were utilized by strain CP4. No chloroaromatic was degraded, either as sole substrate or as co-substrate.

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Degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and phenol singly and in mixture by a mixed culture of two ortho-pathway-following Pseudomonas strains

Jayachandran

Kunhi

2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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The compatibility and efficiency of two ortho-cleavage pathway-following pseudomonads viz. the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA)-degrader, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3mT (3mT) and the phenol-degrader, P. stutzeri SPC-2 (SPC-2) in a mixed culture for the degradation of these substrates singly and simultaneously in mixtures was studied. Another phenol-degrading strain, Pseudomonas sp. SoPC-5 (SoPC-5) that utilizes a meta-cleavage mode also was tried in co-culture with 3mT. The former combination was found to be a better degrader of both the substrates when present alone. But, with inoculum levels of 0.15 mg cell dry wt each of 3mT/SPC-2 or 3mT/SoPC-5 growth with 2 mM each of 3-CBA and phenol was slow with a lag of 24 h and degradation being incomplete. However, with higher inocula in the ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, i.e., 0.3 + 0.3, 0.3 + 0.6, and 0.6 + 0.3 mg cell dry wt of 3mT and SPC-2, respectively complete degradation of both the substrates occurred. Degradation of 3-CBA was complete with the release of stoichiometric amounts of chloride (Cl(-)) when concentrations of phenol/3-CBA were varied as 2:2, 2:4, and 4:2 mM, i.e., even when the concentration of the more toxic co-substrate 3-CBA was higher than phenol effective simultaneous degradation occurred at the inoculums ratio of 1:1 (0.3 mg dry cell wt. of each strain). These studies clearly indicated the better suitability of ortho-cleavage-utilizing strains as partners in a mixed culture than those follow different modes.

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Simultaneous degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and phenolic compounds by a defined mixed culture ofPseudomonas spp.

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Simultaneous degradation of phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate by a mixture of separately immobilized cells of two strainsof Pseudomonas – A preliminary study

Simultaneous degradation of phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate by a mixture of separately immobilized cells of two strainsof Pseudomonas – A preliminary study

Mineralization of phenol and its derivatives by Pseudomonas sp. strain CP4

Degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate and phenol singly and in mixture by a mixed culture of two ortho-pathway-following Pseudomonas strains

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