Simultaneous density contrast and binocular integration

Sun, Hua-Chun; Baker, Curtis L.; Kingdom, Frederick A. A.

doi:10.1167/18.6.3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The disparity-processing-interference hypothesis is qualitatively consistent with the previous finding on density judgment [27]. Sun and Baker (2018) [27] reported that the perceived density of a central circular flat surface is affected when a 3-D stimulus containing randomdots elements surrounds the circular surface; the amount of simultaneous density contrast of the central circular surface reduces as the disparity of 3-D stimulus elements increases. This reduction is observed irrespective of whether the 3-D surrounding stimulus is a two-POTS stimulus or a volumetric stimulus.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 87%

Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space

2020

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The number of elements in two stereo-surfaces parallelly overlapped in depth is overestimated compared to that in a single flat surface, even when both have the same number of elements. Using stereoscopic pairs of elements, we evaluated two hypotheses on the overestimation: one that a higher-order process, forming a background surface, increases the number of perceived elements, and the other that the number of elements potentially occluded by the elements on a front surface is taken accounted for. The data from four experiments showed that (a) when binocular disparity between (or among) stereoscopic elements was small, the overestimation occurred for the stimuli we used-a two-surface-overlapping stimulus, where the likelihood for the process to operate was manipulated by changing the averaged luminance of each surface, a volumetric stimulus, where the likelihood for the background surface to be formed would decrease, and a two-non-overlappingsurface stimulus, where the surfaces in depth were not overlapped-, and (b) when binocular disparity was large, the overestimation occurred for the two-surfaces-overlapping stimulus, when the averaged luminance of the two surfaces were the same, and for the volumetric stimulus, but diminished for the surface-overlapping stimulus, when the averaged luminance differed between the surfaces and for the surfaces-non-overlapping stimulus. These results cannot be explained either hypothesis only. We explain the results by postulating that the sensory system processing disparities of elements interferes with that estimating the number of elements, resulting in an overestimation of the elements in a stereostimulus, and the disparity range within which the interference occurs may depend on the stimulus depth structure.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 87%

Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space

2020

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“…They found that subjects used only the extreme disparity values to make their judgments. Sun, Baker, and Kingdom (2018) showed that binocular disparity affects perceived simultaneous density contrast where center and surround dots of a texture are presented at different disparities. They showed that simultaneous density contrast was reduced with larger plane separation or larger volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density discrimination with occlusions in 3D clutter

Scaccia

Langer

2019

Journal of Vision

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We examined how well human observers can discriminate the density of surfaces in two halves of a rotating three-dimensional cluttered sphere. The observer's task was to compare the density of the front versus back half or the left versus right half. We measured how the bias and sensitivity in judging the denser half depended on the level of occlusion and on the area and density of the surfaces in the clutter. When occlusion level was low, observers in the front-back task were biased to judge the back as denser, and when occlusion level was high they were biased to judge the front as denser. Weber fractions decreased as density increased for both the front-back and left-right tasks, consistent with previous findings for two-dimensional density discrimination. Weber fractions did not vary significantly with area for the front-back task, but increased with area for the left-right task, and we attribute this difference to occlusions that have different effects in the two tasks. We also ran model observers that compared the image occupancies of the two halves against a known expected difference. As the occlusion level increased, this expected difference followed a similar trend as the biases of the human observers, with a roughly constant offset between them. Weber fractions for human and model observers followed some similar trends, but there were discrepancies as well that can be partly explained by the information available to human versus model observers in carrying out their respective tasks.

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Simultaneous density contrast and binocular integration

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space

Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space

Density discrimination with occlusions in 3D clutter

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