Simultaneous detection of protozoa in the tissues of snakes by double in situ hybridization

Richter, Barbara; Fragner, Karin; Weissenböck, Herbert

doi:10.1002/jemt.20546

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, the tissues from the turkey were investigated with double-coloured ISH using probes specific for H. meleagridis and T. gallinarum (Liebhart et al , 2006), and a previously described protocol (Richter et al , 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of typhlitis/typhlohepatitis caused byTetratrichomonas gallinarumin three duck species

Richter

Schulze²,

Kämmerling

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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Two Red-breasted Mergansers (Mergus serrator), one Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), and one Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) from a German zoological collection died of necrotizing typhlitis/typhlohepatitis within 2 years. Using a newly established chromogenic in situ hybridization assay, numerous intralesional trophozoites of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum could be detected in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from the caeca and livers of the affected birds. Partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA-gene revealed two unique nucleotide sequences very similar to T. gallinarum strains isolated from avian and human hosts. One turkey kept in the same zoological collection succumbed to histomonosis (blackhead disease) confirmed with chromogenic in situ hybridization at the time of the first duck fatalities. This turkey also harboured T. gallinarum trophozoites within necrotic cell debris in the caecal lumen, which might be epidemiologically related to the T. gallinarum infections in the ducks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of typhlitis/typhlohepatitis caused byTetratrichomonas gallinarumin three duck species

Richter

Schulze²,

Kämmerling

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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“…In contrast, microscopic cyst identification is challenging because some Entamoeba species do not show marked morphological differences, which makes them indistinguishable (Diamond & Clark, 1993; González-Ruiz et al , 1994; Fotedar et al , 2007a; Ali et al , 2008; Santos et al , 2010). Fortunately, molecular diagnostic tests have been developed to detect different Entamoeba species in reptiles (Bradford et al , 2008; Richter et al , 2008a, b); however, their use has not spread due to their high cost and problematic clinical procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Entamoeba species in a chelonian collection

Garcı́a

Ramos

Pérez

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Veterinary medicine has focused recently on reptiles, due to the existence of captive collections in zoos and an increase in the acquisition of reptiles as pets. The protozoan parasite, Entamoeba can cause amoebiasis in various animal species and humans. Although amoebiasis disease is remarkably rare in most species of chelonians and crocodiles, these species may serve as Entamoeba species carriers that transmit parasites to susceptible reptile species, such as snakes and lizards, which can become sick and die. In this study, we identified the Entamoeba species in a population of healthy (disease-free) chelonians, and evaluated their diversity through the amplification and sequencing of a small subunit rDNA region. Using this procedure, three Entamoeba species were identified: Entamoeba invadens in 4.76 % of chelonians, Entamoeba moshkovskii in 3.96 % and Entamoeba terrapinae in 50 %. We did not detect mixed Entamoeba infections. Comparative analysis of the amplified region allowed us to determine the intra-species variations. The E. invadens and E. moshkovskii strains isolated in this study did not exhibit marked differences with respect to the sequences reported in GenBank. The analysis of the E. terrapinae isolates revealed three different subgroups (A, B and C). Although subgroups A and C were very similar, subgroup B showed a relatively marked difference with respect to subgroups A and C (F st 50.984 and F st 51.000, respectively; 10-14 % nucleotide variation, as determined by BLAST) and with respect to the sequences reported in GenBank. These results suggested that E. terrapinae subgroup B may be either in a process of speciation or belong to a different lineage. However, additional research is necessary to support this statement conclusively. Abbreviation: SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSU, small subunit. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 18S rRNA gene sequences of Entamoeba invadens, Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba terrapinae are JQ406862-JQ406864, JQ406865-JQ406867 and JQ406868-JQ406873, respectively.

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“…Histological sections from the livers and ceca of the birds were further processed for in situ hybridization (ISH) using the described probe specific for T. gallinarum and H. meleagridis [ 12 , 13 ]. The positive signals with the T. gallinarum probe were found in the caeca (Fig.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal infection caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in black swans (Cygnus atratus)

et al. 2021

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Background Tetratrichomonas gallinarum is parasitic protozoa with a wide host range. However, its lethal infection is rare reported. Case presentation Here, we described the first lethal cases of T. gallinarum infection in black swans in China. Five black swans died within a week in succession without obvious symptoms except mild diarrhea. At necropsy, severe lesions were observed in caeca with thickened caecal walls and hemorrhages in the mucosa. A large number of moving trophozoites were found in the contents of the cecum by microscopic examination. The livers were enlarged with multiple bleeding spots on the surface. Histopathology of the livers showed mononuclear cell infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of fibrous tissue. The histopathology of the cecum showed that the villi of the cecum were edematous. Finally, the presence of T. gallinarum was determined by specific PCR andin-situ hybridization assay. Additionally, common pathogens that can cause similar symptoms were excluded. Conclusions The death of the black swan was caused by T. gallinarum, suggesting that the parasite might be a new threat to the Cygnus birds.

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Simultaneous detection of protozoa in the tissues of snakes by double in situ hybridization

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

First report of typhlitis/typhlohepatitis caused byTetratrichomonas gallinarumin three duck species

First report of typhlitis/typhlohepatitis caused byTetratrichomonas gallinarumin three duck species

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Entamoeba species in a chelonian collection

Lethal infection caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in black swans (Cygnus atratus)

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