Simultaneous determination of 22 residual steroid hormones in milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Food safety and consumers’ health are paramount; therefore, it is essential to establish a novel method to determine hormone content in milk. Herein, a novel method was developed that can simultaneously determine 22 residual steroid hormones in milk. To obtain the maximum detection sensitivity, the preparation method of sample, mass spectrometer parameters and liquid chromatography conditions were optimised. The samples were concentrated using Oasis HLB solid‐phase extraction cartridge, followed by quantification via liquid chromatography (C18 column)–tandem mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). Determination of oestrogens and glucocorticoids was conducted in negative mode, whereas androgens and progesterone were in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the target compounds were 0.10–1.20 μg/kg and 0.33–3.96 μg/kg, respectively. The average extraction recoveries of 22 steroid hormones were generally high (82.6–95.3%). The proposed method can be an effective alternative to measure hormonal compounds in milk.

Breast Cancer: Targeting of Steroid Hormones in Cancerogenesis and Diagnostics

“…Though GC-MS can significantly increase the specificity for the measurements of steroids, the detection sensitivity is limited, and the sample preparation is time-consuming [68]. Unfortunately, not all steroid compounds possess ionizable groups, resulting in poor GC-MS sensitivity in ESI mode, therefore derivatization step is also necessary [69].…”

“…Chemical derivatization is a general sample pretreatment process that modifies the functional groups of analytes via the reactions using derivative reagents to augment the UV, fluorescence or mass spectrometric response of the analytes. In order to increase the detection sensitivity, a derivatization step is required prior to analysis [69]. Liquid chromatography linked with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the most upgraded technique for steroid analysis, but its absolute sensitivity is still analyte-dependent.…”

Determination of eight kinds of glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle with on-line clean up combined HPLC-MS/MS

“…ELISA kits had been developed specifically for screening samples glucocorticoid for its sensitivity and rapidity; unfortunately, this method was limited to use in the qualitative detection [4]. The commonly used method of quantitative analysis include gas chromatography [5][6], high performance liquid chromatography [7][8], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [9,10], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [11,12]. Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography cannot be applied to the detection of trace, because of low sensitivity, poor selectivity and the lack of specificity.…”

From polyethylene waste bottles to UIO-66 (Zr) for preconcentration of steroid hormones from river water

“…As a result, different sample preparation methods have been developed and utilized for the analysis of steroid hormones in water matrices. These sample treatment methods include dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [19], hollow bre liquid-liquid microextraction (HF-LLME) [20], dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) [21], magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) [22], traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) [23], solid phase microextraction (SPME) [24] and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [25], amongst others. Sorbent base sample preparation methods have been commonly used for the extraction and preconcentration of steroid hormones in water samples.…”