Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead Using PEDOT/PSS Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

In this work, we report the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV). The modification allows metal detection without involving oxygen removal, mechanical stirring and introduction of alloying additions such as Hg, Bi, Sb, etc. during the pre-concentration step. Introduction of poly (4-styrenesulphonate) (PSS) as dopant in the PEDOT matrix improves reproducibility, stability and sensitivity in the detection. Both cadmium and lead peaks were readily quantifiable over the linear range of 2 - 10 ?g/ml and the detection limit being 1.47 ?g/ml and 1.15 ?g/ml respectively. The calibration plot shows a linear response with correlation coefficient of 0.9911 and 0.9944 for cadmium and lead respectively. Thus, the GC/PEDOT/PSS modified electrode suggested as a suitable matrix for rapid monitoring of these heavy metals at trace levels

Highly Selective Mercury Detection at Partially Oxidized Graphene/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Film-Modified Electrode

“…Therefore, to produce a stable and flexible polymer, a conventional poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) is incorporated into PEDOT to form PEDOT:PSS (Vacca et al, 2008), which is an excellent copolymer because of its high conductivity, environmental stability (Wang et al, 2014b). To date, the potentials of PEDOT:PSS for electrode modification and electrochemical sensing of toxic metal ions have been seldom reported (Anandhakumar et al, 2011;Yasri et al, 2011;Rattan et al, 2013).…”

Voltammetric Determination of Hg2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+Ions Using a PEDOT/NTA-Modified Electrode

“… 15 World organizations like the WHO state that the highest allowable concentrations of Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ in terms of human exposure are 1, 50, and 5000 μg L –1 , respectively. 16 − 18 Environmental monitoring has become an important issue over recent years as a result of increased public awareness and concern about pollution. This has driven the need to develop sensory tools that are sensitive, selective, portable, and inexpensive.…”

“…Accumulation of these heavy metals can lead to serious damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys and further to conditions such as anemia, respiratory disorders, cancers, lung damage, digestive issues, and osteomalacia . World organizations like the WHO state that the highest allowable concentrations of Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ in terms of human exposure are 1, 50, and 5000 μg L –1 , respectively. − Environmental monitoring has become an important issue over recent years as a result of increased public awareness and concern about pollution. This has driven the need to develop sensory tools that are sensitive, selective, portable, and inexpensive.…”

Exploring amide linkage in a polyviologen derivative towards simultaneous voltammetric determination of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions

“…Especially polymers that can be electropolymerized directly on the electrode surface would be more appropriate for practical electroanalytical applications. For example, electropolymerized PEDOT/PSS modified glassy carbon electrode has been utilized for simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead [5]. Among the redox polymers, the polyviologens are of particular interest owing to their fast electron transfer reactions, electron accepting ability and porosity [6].…”