Simultaneous Determination of Carbinoxamine, Pholcodine, and Ephedrine in Antitussive Preparation by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography–Densitometry

Moustafa, Azza A.; Salem, Hesham; Hegazy, Maha A.; Mahmoud, Omnia

doi:10.1556/1006.2015.28.4.7

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The current trend in cough treatment is to use medications with two or more active ingredients that work in synergistic manner to provide the best clinical benefit as decongestant, antitussive, and antihistaminic 4 . The combination of PHL and EPH is indicated for the relief of upper respiratory symptoms and nonproductive cough caused by common cold 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, EPH was determined using spectrophotometric methods 19 – 22 , HPLC 23 – 25 , capillary electrophoresis 26 – 29 , GC 30 , 31 , LC-MS 30 , 32 , 33 , and electrochemistry 34 , 35 . While the methods reported for the simultaneous quantitation of PHL and EPH mixture were spectrophotometric 9 , HPLC 8 , 36 , and TLC methods 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of pholcodine alone or in combination with ephedrine in human plasma using fluorescence spectroscopy

Elmansi

Belal

Magdy

2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, sensitive, facile, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric approaches were developed for the determination of pholcodine and ephedrine. Method I is a novel spectrofluorimetric method depending on measuring the native fluorescence of pholcodine at 337 nm after excitation at 284 nm over a concentration range of 0.01–2.4 μg/mL. The method sensitivity reached quantitation and detection limits down to 10.0 and 5.0 ng/mL, respectively. Method II relied on the simultaneous estimation of pholcodine and ephedrine using synchronous fluorimetry for the first time. The cited drugs were measured concurrently at 286 and 304 nm for pholcodine and ephedrine, respectively at Δλ of 40 nm without interference. Excellent linear relationship between concentration and response was obtained over the ranges of 0.05–6.0 μg/mL and 0.02–1.0 μg/mL for pholcodine and ephedrine, respectively. The method showed distinct sensitivity and exhibited quantitation limits of 20.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and detection limits of 10.0 and 5.0 ng/mL, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the syrup dosage form. The two developed approaches were also applied to in-vitro plasma samples, showing good bioanalytical applicability and providing further insights for monitoring drug abuse. The proposed methods were validated according to ICHQ2(R1) guidelines. The proposed methodologies' greenness profiles were evaluated using two greenness assessment tools.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of pholcodine alone or in combination with ephedrine in human plasma using fluorescence spectroscopy

Elmansi

Belal

Magdy

2022

Sci Rep

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“…So, it appears to be devoid of addiction liability in man. 4 Different analytical methods were reported for the determination of pholcodine including non-aqueous titration, 5 chemiluminescence, 4,6 UV/Vis spectrophotometry, 7 capillary gas chromatography (GC), 8,9 GC-mass spectrometry (MS), 10,11 highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [12][13][14][15][16] ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS, 17 thinlayer chromatography, 18 capillary electrophoresis (CE), 19 electrochemistry 20 and 1HNMR-pH titration. 21 The use of electrochemical sensors and especially potentiometric sensors has become greatly expanded and now occupies a large part in different applications such as pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-based potentiometric sensing devices modified with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) for trace level determination of pholcodine (opiate derivative drug)

et al. 2021

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“…It has been shown to stimulate the production of IgE antibodies to QAI sensitization properties and thus is an alternative source for neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) sensitization. Different methodologies for pholcodine quantification have been reported, including nonaqueous titration [ 4 ], chemiluminescence spectrometry [ 5 , 6 ], absorption spectrophotometry [ 7 ], gas chromatography (GC) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], thin-layer chromatography [ 18 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 19 ], electrochemistry [ 20 ], and 1 HNMR-pH titration [ 21 ]. The use of electrochemical sensors, especially potential measuring sensors, has expanded greatly and now covers a wide application range in various fields [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Solid-State Potentiometric Ion-Sensors Based on Tailored Imprinted Polymers for Pholcodine Determination

et al. 2021

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In recent times, the application of the use of ion-selective electrodes has expanded in the field of pharmaceutical analyses due to their distinction from other sensors in their high selectivity and low cost of measurement, in addition to their high measurement sensitivity. Cost-effective, reliable, and robust all-solid-state potentiometric selective electrodes were designed, characterized, and successfully used for pholcodine determination. The design of the sensor device was based on the use of a screen-printed electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a solid-contact transducer. Tailored pholcodine (PHO) molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared, characterized, and used as sensory receptors in the presented potentiometric sensing devices. The sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 31.6 ± 0.5 mV/decade (n = 5, R2 = 0.9980) over the linear range of 5.5 × 10−6 M with a detection limit of 2.5 × 10−7 M. Real serum samples in addition to pharmaceutical formulations containing PHO were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional standard liquid chromatographic approach. The presented analytical device showed an outstanding efficiency for fast, direct, and low-cost assessment of pholcodine levels in different matrices.

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Simultaneous Determination of Carbinoxamine, Pholcodine, and Ephedrine in Antitussive Preparation by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography–Densitometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Determination of pholcodine alone or in combination with ephedrine in human plasma using fluorescence spectroscopy

Determination of pholcodine alone or in combination with ephedrine in human plasma using fluorescence spectroscopy

Paper-based potentiometric sensing devices modified with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) for trace level determination of pholcodine (opiate derivative drug)

All-Solid-State Potentiometric Ion-Sensors Based on Tailored Imprinted Polymers for Pholcodine Determination

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