Simultaneous determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with chromium-specific detection

Lintschinger, J.; Kalcher, Kurt; Gössler, Walter; Kölbl, Gottfried; Novič, Milko

doi:10.1007/bf00323333

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Unfortunately, a direct measurement of Cr(VI) is not feasible with this and other atomic spectroscopic techniques. A separation of Cr species prior to the measurement is therefore inevitable either by means of a minicolumn (Cespon-Romero et al, 1996;Rao et al, 1998) or HPLC (Allen & Koropchak, 1993;Lintschinger et al, 1995;Andrle et al, 1997;Luo & Berndt, 1998). The procedure can be simplified by making use of a flow cell coupled in-line to a flame AAS instrument (Beinrohr et al, 1996), consisting of a porous electrode for oxidising Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and a sorbent for trapping Cr(VI).…”

Section: Chromium In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Through Chronopotentiometry in Waste Water Analysis

Beinrohr¹

2011

Waste Water - Evaluation and Management

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Section: Chromium In Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Through Chronopotentiometry in Waste Water Analysis

Beinrohr¹

2011

Waste Water - Evaluation and Management

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“…The development of numerous analytical techniques with sufficient selectivity and high sensitivity for chromium is a permanent challenge in analytical chemistry. Several techniques, such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), [2][3][4] electrothermal atomic emission spectrometry (ETAAS), 5,6 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), 7 luminescence, 8 chemiluminescence, 9 spectrophotometry, [10][11][12] chromatography, 13 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 14 and electrochemical methods 15,16 have been used for the determination of chromium. Among the available methods, spectrophotometry [17][18][19] has been widely used for the determination of Cr(VI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Fluorescence Quantification of Chromium(VI) in Wastewater with Organic Nanoparticles Sensor

Wang

Xia

et al. 2004

ANAL. SCI.

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Under ultrasonic irradiation, organic fluorescence nanoparticles have been prepared by a reprecipitation method. Compared with single organic fluorophores, these nanoparticles are brighter, more stable against photobleaching and more water-soluble. They also have high room-temperature fluorescence quantum yields (∼20%) and a long fluorescence lifetime (∼0.2 µs). Based on the fluorescence quenching of nanoparticles by chromium(VI), a method for the selective determination of chromium(VI) without the separation of chromium(III) in water was developed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of the calibration curve was 7.0 × 10 -6 -1.0 × 10 -4 mol L -1 . The detection limit was 2.8 × 10 -6 mol L -1 . The method is characterized by a short reaction time, stable fluorescence signals, simplicity and high selectivity. The present assay has been applied to the selective quantification of Cr(VI) in wastewater with satisfactory results.

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“…Speciation of chromium has attracted researchers' interest because of the high toxicity of its compounds and their widespread use in metallurgy, refractory, and chemical industries (1). Two common oxidation states of chromium are present in the environment, and their physicochemical properties are each drastically different from those of the other (1,2). Trivalent chromium, Cr(III), is essential for the maintenance of the normal glucose tolerance factor (3), whereas hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a well-known carcinogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different analytical techniques for chromium speciation with atomic and molecular spectroscopy or voltammetry have been reported in the literature (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In most methods, Cr(VI) can be determined directly, and then the Cr(III) concentration is calculated from the difference between Cr(VI) and the total chromium concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most methods, Cr(VI) can be determined directly, and then the Cr(III) concentration is calculated from the difference between Cr(VI) and the total chromium concentration. Because this calculation may induce some uncertainty (6), much attention in recent years has been focused on simultaneous determination methods of chromium compounds with different oxidation states, such as ion-chromatography (2,6,12), ion-pair chromatography (IPC) (2), and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography (4,11,13,14). For online detection, high sensitivity and better selectivity can be achieved by using RP high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-spectrometry (4,13,14), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) (15), graphite furnace AAS (16), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) (1,17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Speciation Analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection

Hossain¹,

Kumita²,

Michigami³

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatographic Science

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A simple and rapid method is developed for the simultaneous determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) based on the formation of their different complexes with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). Separation is performed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection. The conditions for complex formation and speciation are determined, such as solution pH, amount of APDC, temperature, and type of mobile phase. In order to substantially reduce the analysis time, the separation is carried out without extraction of chromium-APDC complexes from the mother liquor. Under the optimum analysis conditions, the chromatograms obtained show good peak separation, and the absolute detection limits (3σ σ) are 2.2 µg/L for Cr(VI) and 4.5 µg/L for Cr(III). The calibration curves are linear from 3 to 5000 µg/L for Cr(VI) and 5 to 3000 µg/L for Cr(III). The relative standard deviations of peak areas in five measurements using a sample solution of 200 µg/L are less than 2% for Cr(VI) and 4% for Cr(III), indicating good reproducibility for this analytical method. Furthermore, simultaneous determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) is successful with the application of the proposed procedure in the synthetic wastewaters containing common heavy metal ions: Fe(III), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). IntroductionSpeciation analysis of an element gives information about the individual concentrations of its various chemical forms. Speciation of chromium has attracted researchers' interest because of the high toxicity of its compounds and their widespread use in metallurgy, refractory, and chemical industries (1). Two common oxidation states of chromium are present in the environment, and their physicochemical properties are each drastically different from those of the other (1,2). Trivalent chromium, Cr(III), is essential for the maintenance of the normal glucose tolerance factor (3), whereas hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a well-known carcinogen. The maximum permissible concentrations of chromium compounds in wastewaters are established as 0.5 mg/L for Cr(III) and 0.1 mg/L for Cr(VI) (USPS). Therefore, quantitative analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with low concentration levels is needed for environmental studies, as well as for industrial effluent controls.Different analytical techniques for chromium speciation with atomic and molecular spectroscopy or voltammetry have been reported in the literature (1-11). In most methods, Cr(VI) can be determined directly, and then the Cr(III) concentration is calculated from the difference between Cr(VI) and the total chromium concentration. Because this calculation may induce some uncertainty (6), much attention in recent years has been focused on simultaneous determination methods of chromium compounds with different oxidation states, such as ion-chromatography (2,6,12), ion-pair chromatography (IPC) (2), and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography (4,11,13,14). For online detection, high sensitivity and better selectivity can be achieved by using RP high-performance liqu...

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Simultaneous determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with chromium-specific detection

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Flow-Through Chronopotentiometry in Waste Water Analysis

Flow-Through Chronopotentiometry in Waste Water Analysis

Direct Fluorescence Quantification of Chromium(VI) in Wastewater with Organic Nanoparticles Sensor

Rapid Speciation Analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection

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