Simultaneous determination of ethamsylate, tramadol and lidocaine in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection

Abstract

Ethamsylate, tramadol and lidocaine, partly excreted by the kidney, are generally used as hemostatic, analgesic and local anesthetic in surgery. We developed a simple and sensitive method for their simultaneous monitoring in human urine based on CE coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection by end-column mode. Under optimized conditions the proposed method yielded linear ranges from 5.0 x 10(-8) to 5.0 x 10(-5), 1.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-4) and 1.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-4) M with LODs of 8.0 x 10(-9) M (36 amol), 1.6 x 10(-8) M (72 amol) and 1.0 x 10(-8) M (45 amol) (S/N = 3) for ethamsylate, tramadol and lidocaine, respectively. The RSD for their simultaneous detection at 1.0 x 10(-6) M was 2.1, 2.8 and 3.2% (n = 7), respectively. For practical application an extraction step with ethyl acetate at pH 11 was performed to eliminate the influence of the sample ionic strength. The recoveries of ethamsylate, tramadol and lidocaine at different levels in human urine were between 87 and 95%. This method was used for simultaneous detection of ethamsylate, tramadol and lidocaine in clinic urine samples from two medicated patients. It was valuable in clinical and biochemical laboratories for monitoring these drugs for various purposes.

Determination of catecholamines by CE with direct chemiluminescence detection

“…In recent years, CE has been proven to be one of the most powerful techniques for the analysis of biological matrices [11][12][13][14][15], pharmaceutical preparations [16,17], and metal ions [18,19], due to its high efficiency and resolution. Several detection techniques in CE, including LIF [20][21][22], UV [23,24], MS [25], EC [26][27][28], and fluorescence [29], have been developed to determine catecholamines.…”

CE at the omics level: Towards systems biology – An update

“…Ethamsylate, tramadol, and lidocaine are partially excreted by kidneys, and are generally used as hemostatic, analgesic, and local anesthetic in surgery. Antihistamines [127], antidepressants [128], morphine and related compounds [127], protease inhibitors [129], antibiotics [40,133,134,138,139], and amino acids [140,141] are a few examples of drugs that have been detected by CE.…”

“…Paracetamol is a drug that is widely used for the treatment of fever and pain. Li and Ju [139] presented a CE method to monitor the presence of ethamsylate, tramadol, and lidocaine from human urine. Ethamsylate, tramadol, and lidocaine are partially excreted by kidneys, and are generally used as hemostatic, analgesic, and local anesthetic in surgery.…”

Flow Injection Determination of Tramadol Based on Its Sensitizing Effect on the Chemiluminescent Reaction of Permanganate-Sulfite

“…Various methods have been reported for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride in biological fluids and in pharmaceutical preparations, including HPLC [6][7][8][9][10][11], HPTLC [12], GC [13,14], capillary electrophoresis(CE) [15,16], spectrophotometry [17][18][19], voltammetry [20] and potentiometry [21]. Each of the above methods had its own merits and disadvantages, for example , some of them were accurate and selective, but involved expensive instrumentation and were time consuming, needed preconcentration before determination because of lacking high sensitive detector; some were inherent simple but have low sensitivity .…”