Simultaneous determination of gatifloxacin and prednisolone acetate in ophthalmic formulation using first-order UV derivative spectroscopy

The use of complex formation manner for spectrophotometric analysis of gatifloxacin drug based on Co(II), Ni(II) and La(III) ions

“…It is clear that Co(II)-[HGAT] interaction has the higher stability formation constant value in comparison to Ni(II) - [HGAT] and La(III) -[HGAT] interaction. Additionally, the obtained negative values of ΔG for the same system; -5.41Â10 4 , -2.665Â10 4 and -2.664Â10 4 , respectively. These negative values of ΔG mean that the kinetic process is a spontaneous one [34].…”

“…The obtained values of K f for the interaction of HGAT with Co(II), Ni(II) and La(III) ions were found to be 3.04Â10 9 , 4.73Â10 4 and 4.67Â10 4 , respectively. It is clear that Co(II)-[HGAT] interaction has the higher stability formation constant value in comparison to Ni(II) - [HGAT] and La(III) -[HGAT] interaction.…”

“…Gatifloxacin (HGAT), Figure 1 is an important member of fluoroquinolone family known as [1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl piperazine-1-yl)-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid] and has been widely used to treat the infections in human medicine caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [ 1 , 2 ]. Although in reviewing the literature, no official technique has yet been reported for HGAT evaluation in its bulk and pharmaceutical formulation [ 3 , 4 ], there are a lot of analytical methods have been reported by many researchers describe HGAT determination including UV-vis spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, fluorescence methods, capillary electrophoresis and flow injection analysis [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Generally, UV-vis spectrophotometric determination is the most widely used method for drugs determination in their dosage forms due to its simplicity, low cost and wide availability in laboratories [ 11 ].…”

US FDA–validated TLC method with four greenness assessment evaluations for simultaneous determination of prednisolone and esomeprazole in spiked human plasma

“…Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of both drugs. Both ESO and PRD have been determined previously in the literature, alone or in the presence of other drugs, in different matrices using different chromatographic methods, such as HPLC and TLC (Chitlange, Chaturvedi, & Wankhede, 2011; El‐Kimary & Ragab, 2015; Mabrouk et al, 2019; Mehta & Thaker, 2011; Musharraf et al, 2012; Pawar et al, 2014; Ragab & EL‐Kimary, 2017; Raut et al, 2014), and different spectroscopic methods, including spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, and chemometry (Belal et al, 2014; Chitlange, Chaturvedi, Tawargeri, et al, 2011; Chitlange, Chaturvedi, & Wankhede, 2011; Mabrouk et al, 2019; Manoharan, 2019; Manu et al, 2012; Mohamed et al, 2006; Singh & Verma, 2007; Sversut et al, 2014).…”

Stepwise optimization and sensitivity improvement of green micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to simultaneously determine some fluoroquinolones and glucocorticoids present in various binary ophthalmic formulations

“…Various methods have been reported describing the assay of the fluoroquinolones and corticosteroids either singly or in combination. These methods include spectrophotometry (Abdel‐Razeq, Darwish, Zaazaa, Nasr, & Zeinab, 2015; Patel & Patel, 2013; Pradhan, Raiyani, Shah, Patel, & Upadhyay, 2015; Sversut et al, 2017), HPLC (El Gammal, El‐Wasseef, El‐Ashry, & Saadia, 2018; Gandhi, Rao, & Rao, 2016; Saad, Essam, Elzanfaly, & Amer, 2020; Sher, Fatima, Perveen, & Siddiqui, 2019; Sversut et al, 2014), thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) (Dorofeev, Konovalov, Kochin, & Arzamastsev, 2004; Musharraf, Fatima, & Sultana, 2012; Saad et al, 2020; Seid, Hymete, & Bekhit, 2012), capillary electrophoresis (Al Azzam, Saad, Adnan, & Aboul‐Enein, 2010; Alnajjar, 2013; Bourdon et al, 2013; Gallego & Arroyo, 2003; Horstkötter & Blaschke, 2001; Maher et al, 2013; Olędzka, Kowalski, Plenis, & Bączek, 2017; British Pharmacopoeia, 2013; Song, Bai, Jia, & Zhou, 2008; Suliman, Elbashir, & Schmitz, 2015; Wang et al, 2009; Zhu, Jiang, & Hu, 2002) and electrochemical methods (El‐Rahman, Lotfy, Hegazy, Rezk, & Rostom, 2015; Smajdor, Piech, & Paczosa‐Bator, 2016; Zhang, Gu, Ding, Li, & Liu, 2013; Zhang, Gu, Ding, Zhang, & Li, 2013). After a thorough investigation of literature, it was observed that no capillary electrophoretic method has been published for the simultaneous assay of the four chosen drugs.…”