Simultaneous determination of renal clinical analytes in serum using hydrolase- and oxidase-encapsulated optical array biosensors

Quantification of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in human serum by HPLC for pharmacodynamic studies

“…The methods usually involve enzyme reactions of uricase and peroxidase to generate H 2 O 2 from serum UA, followed by colorimetric or fluorometric measurement of the oxidative product of a substrate [31][32][33]. A biosensor using immobilized enzymes has been developed recently to provide simple measurements [34]. Even though these assays used in clinical laboratories may provide accurate and precise measurement of UA concentrations, they do not provide homeostasis data on X and HX.…”

Array-based titanium dioxide biosensors for ratiometric determination of glucose, glutamate and urea

“…An array-based optical biosensor based on silica sol-gel immobilization has been reported for simultaneous determination of glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine. The analytical ranges of the four analytes were between 0.01 and 10 mM with detection limits of 2.5 (urea) to 80 M (glucose) (Tsai and Doong, 2004). These results clearly show that the developed array biosensor has high reproducibility and is comparable or even superior to the reported biosensor systems for multianalyte determination.…”

Sensing the Whole Body and Clinical Diagnostics

“…For urea and creatinine, actions of the hydrolase enzymes urease and creatinine deiminase produced hydroxide ions, which were detected via an immobilized pHsensitive fl uorescent indicator. For glucose and uric acid, actions of the oxidase enzymes glucose oxidase and uricase produced hydrogen peroxide, which was consumed by co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase to give a fl uorescent signal at 590 nm as a result of reduction of Amplex red to resorufi n. Measurement of analytes in serum was in good agreement with traditional laboratory methods (Tsai and Doong 2004 ).…”