Simultaneous determination of two galangin metabolites from Alpinia Officinarum Hance in rat plasma by UF LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetics study

Abstract

Galangin has multiple pharmacological efficacies, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Galangin can be rapidly converted into glucuronidated metabolites in vivo. This study aimed to establish an UFLC-MS/MS analytical method to simultaneously determine the concentrations of two glucuronidated metabolites of galangin, galangin-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid (GG-1) and galangin-7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid (GG-2) in rat plasma. After oral administration of galangal extract (0.3 g/kg), blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus, then treated by methanol precipitation and further gradient-eluted with Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6 µm XB-C18 column. The mass spectrometer was manipulated in the negative electrospray ionization (ESI) and selected multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the analytes. The precursor-to-product ion pairs applied for GG-1, GG-2 and chrysin (as the internal standard, IS) were m/z 445.2→269.0, 445.2→268.9 and 253.0→142.9, respectively. The results showed that the linear ranges for both GG-1 and GG-2 were 2.0–2000.0 ng/mL (r2 > 0.995). The inter- and intra-day precision were 89.3%–109.2%, RSD was less than 15%, and the repeatability was good. The recoveries of both metabolites and IS were over 89%, and matrix effect was within 15%. The validated analytical method was further applied to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of GG-1 and GG-2 in vivo. The pharmacokinetic parameters suggested that Tmax of GG-1 was equivalent to that of GG-2, and MRT0-t, t1/2 of GG-2 were a little higher than those of GG-1. Importantly, AUC0-t and Cmax of GG-2 were almost twice as those of GG-1. In short, the validated UFLCMS/MS analytical method was feasible to simultaneously determine two galangin metabolites GG-1 and GG-2 in rat plasma and further analyze in vivo metabolism of galangin.

Systematic Exploration of the Potential Material Basis and Molecular Mechanism of the Mongolian Medicine Shudage‐4 in Attenuating Stress‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat

“…and Alpinia ofcinarum Hance. as an aromatic rhizome, used for many years in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM), has multiple pharmacological efcacies, such as anticancer, antiinfammation, and antioxidation [24]. Except for medicinal uses, Alpinia ofcinarum Hance native to Chine also been used as a spice in Europe for over 1000 years.…”

Galangin: A metabolite that suppresses anti-neoplastic activities through modulation of oncogenic targets

“…After oral treatment, two galangin metabolites, galangin-3-O—D-glucuronic acid (GG-1) and galangin-7-O—D-glucuronic acid (GG-2), were identified, reiterating the result that galangin was glucuronidated. 19…”

“…Galangin is a flavonoid with poor pharmacokinetic profile, low water solubility, and incompatibility in physiological media, which limits its therapeutic application. 19,80 Among flavonoid molecules like quercetin, kaempherol, morin, and myricetin, it is the most lyophilic. The development of new drug delivery methods might not only overcome solubility barriers, but also enhance effective drug concentration in tumors while reducing drug accumulation in normal tissues, reducing undesirable side effects.…”

“…Although the current in vitro data suggest galangin as a very promising anticancer agent, this compound, like other natural flavonoids, undergoes extensive metabolic conversion in in vivo systems, resulting in the formation of several glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated derivatives. 19 Several modes have been proposed to overcome the issue of such low bioavailability, including preparation of different nanoparticles encapsulating galangin. 20…”

Binding Affinity Screening of Polyphenolic Compounds in Stachys Affinis extract (SAE) for their Potential Antioxidant and Anti- inflammatory Effects

“…High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) can be used to efficiently screen complex plant extracts such as Stachys affinis and rapidly analyze the components within the extract [4]. Especially, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) technology provides an analytical method for high sample throughput and is well suited for the analysis of complex system components in plant extracts at low concentrations [5]. This analysis can identify various phenolic compounds in various plant extracts [6].…”