Simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and epinephrine using gold nanocrystals capped with graphene quantum dots in a silica network

Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination

“…The response showed linear in the concentration ranging from 5 nM to 2.1 mM (DA) to 10 nM to 4.0 mM (EP) with LOD equal to 5 and 10 nM. 153 Mohammadzadeh Jahani et al synthesized a powerful voltammetric sensor for simultaneous analysis of NE and acetylcholine in 2020. The sensor was produced via modication of carbon paste electrode with graphene QDs/ionic liquid (GQDs/ IL/CPE).…”

Graphene Quantum Dots by Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis for Electrochemical Sensing: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…The sensor was produced through the synthesis of GQDs using an ultrasonic method with a green substance such as glucose, then GQDs were deposited by ultrasonic irradiation onto the silicate matrix (TMSPED), previously treated with HAuCl 4 × 3H 2 O to form the GQD-TMSPEDAuNCs electrode. The response ranges for dopamine (5 nM at 2.1 mM) and epinephrine (10 nM at 4.0 mM) were identified by amperometric analysis, and an excellent response in the simultaneous detection of the two neurotransmitters was highlighted [ 100 ]. Baluta et al also produced a sensor in 2018 by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with GQDs (citric acid derivatives) for the detection of epinephrine.…”

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Detection of Monoamine Neurotransmitters—Review

“…The modified electrodes are often adjudged better than the bare electrodes, since a much lower potential peak difference is often obtained for the QD-modified electrodes. In some cases, the CV peak current of the QD-modified electrode compared to that of the bare electrode in the presence of the analytes or [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− / 4− redox probe in PBS solution was used to establish the better electrochemical characteristics of the carbon-based QD-modified electrode [52,76,79,[97][98][99].…”

“…The relatively high toxicity of the inorganic semiconducting QDs have limited their application in biological labelling, solar cells, transistor components and electrochemical sensors [49,50]. Organic counterparts, such as the carbon quantum dot, graphene quantum dot, and the graphene oxide quantum dot, have received tremendous attention in the design of electrochemical sensors because of their relatively small size, large surface area, lower toxicity and readily available precursors [51,52].…”