Simultaneous Formation of Electric and Magnetic Photon States by Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

Abstract

Sodium Thiosulphate, Polymorphism, Solid ElectrolyteNa2S2C>3 crystallizes in 4 modifications. The familiar monoclinic a-form stable at ambient temperature transforms into the trigonal /3-form at 330 °C which at 388 °C converts to bcc y-Na2S203. These transformations are reversible. Unstable orthorhombic a'-Na2S2C>3(Pna 2i) is obtained by dehydration of the pentahydrate or by cooling the ß-phase.The y-phase decomposes in sealed ampoule to Na2SC>4 and NaSs; decomposition is slow below and rapid above 440 °C. Equilibrium displacement by distillation of sulphur accelerates decomposition even for /?-Na2S203, and maintaining low sulphur pressure by pumping gives Na2S03. ß-and y-Na2S2C>3 are superionic conductors; a dynamic model is presented for the /3-structure with Na+ conduction pathways originating from oscillation of the S0O3 2-tetrahedra. Structural relationships can be derived with respect to the arrangement of the thiosulphate groups.

Symmetry Breaking by Electric Discharges in Water and Formation of Lochak’s Light Magnetic Monopoles in an Extended Standard Model

“…These findings are in accordance with the phenomenological observation that the existence of magnetic monopoles implies CP-symmetry breaking (Cabibbo & Ferrari, 1962;Ellis, 1983;Flambaum & Murray, 2000), and it was shown in a subsequent paper (Stumpf, 2008) that the formal way of theoretical symmetry breaking discussed by Stumpf (2004b) mathematically reflects the experimental situation.…”

“…The properties of these equations can be summarized in the following points [see Borne, Lochak, and Stumpf (2001); Stumpf and Borne (1994); Stumpf (2002Stumpf ( , 2003cStumpf ( , 2004b]: 1. These equations are relativistically invariant, quantum mechanical manybody equations.…”

“…This model implies that in agreement with the ideas of de Broglie and Heisenberg, the present elementary particles are assumed to possess a fermionic substructure. The model is expounded in Borne, Lochak, and Stumpf (2001) and Stumpf (2000Stumpf ( , 2004b. It allows the performance of nonperturbative calculations, and its mathematical treatment is in accordance with the basic ideas of the algebraic representation theory of quantum fields.…”

“…By purely theoretical reasoning, it was demonstrated in Stumpf (2004b) that in the spinor field model, electric and magnetic electroweak boson states can coexist if the CP symmetry of the vacuum is violated. These findings are in accordance with the phenomenological observation that the existence of magnetic monopoles implies CP-symmetry breaking (Cabibbo & Ferrari, 1962;Ellis, 1983;Flambaum & Murray, 2000), and it was shown in a subsequent paper (Stumpf, 2008) that the formal way of theoretical symmetry breaking discussed by Stumpf (2004b) mathematically reflects the experimental situation.…”

Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and the Leptonic Monopole

“…No doubt, Lochak's theory is not complete yet and needs further development. Professor Harald Stumpf has worked actively for several years to apply it to solve the exact physical problems and to integrate it into the Standard Model [14].…”