Simultaneous Measurement of Pressure and Temperature in Seawater with PDMS Sealed Microfiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Hou, Yunfei; Wang, Jing; Wang, Xin; Liao, Yipeng; Yang, Lei; Cai, Enlin; Wang, Shanshan

doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.3012716

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The waist region of OMCI can respond to salinity and temperature simultaneously. There is a proven solution to eliminate the effects of cross-sensitivity; that is, tracking two sensing dips and constructing a salinity and temperature sensitivity matrix, then performing inversion calculations [12,22,24], as shown in Equation (6). In addition, the two arms of the interferometer only respond to temperature; tracking the distance of two adjacent interference peaks can realize this sensitivity to temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photonics 2020, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 12 urgent need to develop low-cost and compact sensors to meet the demand of subtle measurement in the ocean. In the last decades, optical fiber sensors have attracted significant research attention due to the advantages of small size, low cost, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and easy integration and reuse [8][9][10][11][12]. There are some fiber optic sensor structures that have been developed and applied to ocean salinity measurement, such as optical reflection [13,14], fiber Bragg grating [15][16][17], fiber surface plasmon resonance [2,18], and interferometer [19,20].…”

Section: Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Salinity Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2020

Photonics

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In this paper, we report a novel and compact sensor based on an optic microfiber coupler interferometer (OMCI) for seawater salinity application. The OMCI device is fabricated by connecting Faraday rotating mirrors to the two out-ports of the microfiber coupler, respectively. The sensor signal processing is based on a wavelength demodulation technique. We theoretically analyze the sensing characteristics with different device structure parameters. Besides, the results show that the date reading error decreases with the thinner waist region and longer arm difference. Through the experiment, the reflection spectra red-shifted as the sea water salinity increased; the highest response sensitivity of the OMCI salinity sensor reached 303.7 pm/‰ for a range of 16.6–23.8‰, and the resolution was less than 0.03‰. This study provides a new technical solution for the development of practical optical fiber seawater salinity sensors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2020

Photonics

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“…After sealing the two gaps of the U-shaped groove with PDMS liquid, we covered the U-shaped groove with pre-prepared PDMS sheets (about 1 mm thickness), as shown in Figure 3c. Then we put it in the oven and baked it at 120 • C for 15 min again [21]. After the PDMS was fully cured, we obtained the sensor probe sample without injection of the diluted MF, and the mixed MF liquid was injected into the PDMS void through a syringe.…”

Section: Structure and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ure 3c. Then we put it in the oven and baked it at 120 °C for 15 min again [21]. After the PDMS was fully cured, we obtained the sensor probe sample without injection of the diluted MF, and the mixed MF liquid was injected into the PDMS void through a syringe.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Sensing Sensitivity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Field Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer and Magnetic Fluid

Qin

et al. 2021

Photonics

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In this paper, a novel and compact magnetic field sensor based on the combination of an optical microfiber coupler interferometer (OMCI) and magnetic fluid (MF) is proposed. The sensor is made up of an OMCI cover with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and MF, and it uses MF as a material for adjusting the magnetic refractive index and magnetic field response. The sensing characteristics of the sensor are analyzed, and the experimental test is carried out. Under the condition of the same OMC waist length, the sensor sensitivity increases with the decrease of the OMC waist radius. The sensitivity of 54.71 and 48.21 pm/Oe was obtained when the OMC waist radius was set at 3.5 and 4 μm, respectively. In addition, we also tested the sensing response time and vector response characteristics of the sensor. At the same time, we discuss the demodulation idea about the cross-sensitivity of the magnetic field and temperature. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, small size, optimized performance, and convenient integration. It has huge application potential in the fields of navigation and industrial intelligent manufacturing.

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“…The silica-based fibers combined with the other materials, including liquids [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], nanoparticles [ 13 , 14 ], and 2D materials (graphene) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], would generate much higher sensitivity to external parameters than that of the intrinsic silica fibers. Various configurations for the FMZIs have been proposed in the literature and have been demonstrated their effectiveness [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Examples include an FMZI with anti-resonance based on an multi-mode fiber (MMF)-HCF-MMF structure for sensing application [ 21 ], tapered fiber-based FMZI for the refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) measurement [ 22 ], core-offset in-line FMZI [ 23 ], an in-line FMZI with thin-core fiber (TCF)-thin fiber-TCF [ 24 ], and SMF-HCF-SMF structures [ 12 , 20 , 28 , <...>…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

Lee

Zhuo

Liu

2022

Sensors

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We proposed a novel sensor based on an ultracompact leaky-guided liquid core fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (LLCFMZI) for high modulation of an interference spectrum. The sensor structure is based on a micro-sized hollow-core fiber (HCF) splicing a tilt end face single-mode fiber (SMF) to create a miniature oblique gap for the effective access of different liquids. The liquid core with a relatively lower refractive index (RI) than the cladding can achieve a leaky-mode optical waveguide (LMOW) mechanism, and its volume is only approximately 7.85 pL. In addition, the utilized micro-length HCF can reduce the energy loss of core in the LMOW to obtain an acceptable extinction ratio (>30 dB) with high temperature (T) sensitivity in the interference spectra. Experimental results show that the interference spectra can be highly modulated within the wide measurement range of 1250–1650 nm with a steadily linear response for thermal effect. The measured temperature sensitivities (T-sensitivities) of various liquids of DI water, ethanol, and Cargille-liquid (nD = 1.305) are 0.8869, 4.4754, and 4.8229 nm/°C, and the corresponding measured thermal optics coefficient (TOC) are −4.16 × 10−5, −2.11 × 10−4, and −3.6 × 10−4 °C−1, respectively. Measurement results demonstrate that the used liquids with a higher TOC can obtain better T-sensitivity modulation. The highest experimental sensitivity of the liquid-core filled with Cargille-liquid (nD = 1.40) is up to +13.87 nm/°C with a corresponding TOC of −4.07 × 10−4 °C−1. Furthermore, the experimental and theoretical values are in good agreement according to FSR the measuring scheme that investigates the effectiveness of the proposed LLCFMZI.

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Simultaneous Measurement of Pressure and Temperature in Seawater with PDMS Sealed Microfiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Cited by 71 publications

References 28 publications

Salinity Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer

Salinity Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer

Magnetic Field Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer and Magnetic Fluid

Highly Modulated In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on an Ultracompact Leaky-Guided Liquid Core

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