Simultaneous measurement of refractive index, strain, and temperature based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with hybrid structure optical fiber

Gao, Xuekai; Ning, Tigang; Jiao, Z.; Li, Jing; Li, Pei; Zhang, Chuanbiao; Liu, Ling; He, Xiaoyu

doi:10.1364/ao.58.008187

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…where k is an integer. Owing to the thermal expansion effect and the thermo-optic effect, the geometric size and refractive index of the fiber change with different temperature, resulting in the wavelength shift of resonant peaks [16]. The wavelength shift induced by temperature changes can thus be calculated by [25] Δλ…”

Section: Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-Insensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Few-Mode Fiber and Photonic Crystal Fiber

Gao

Xie

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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Based on few-mode fiber (FMF) and photonic crystal fiber (PCF), a new temperature sensor with a FMF-PCF-FMF hybrid construction has been developed. Furthermore, the sensor has a longitudinally symmetrical structure that makes it have a flexible sensor head, which enhances the practical performance. Simulated results show that there are three resonant peaks with extinction ratio above 18 dB in the wavelength from 1630 nm to 1720 nm, and the temperature can be measured by calculating wavelength shift of resonant peaks. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor is as high as 38.6 pm/°C when the temperature ranges from 20°C to 80°C. Meanwhile, the strain sensitivity of the proposed sensor is as low as −0.457 pm/με when strain ranges from 0 to 3000 με. The high temperature sensitivity and ultralow strain sensitivity indicate that the proposed sensor can effectively eliminate the cross-sensitive issue of temperature and strain. In addition to excellent sensing performances, simple and compact structure make the proposed sensor be potential in practical applications.

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Section: Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production processes, mechanical operation, and living environment call for specific temperatures. Therefore, temperature measuring is an essential procedure to ensure the security of production and people living [16]. With the rapid development of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward for temperature measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Insensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Few-Mode Fiber and Photonic Crystal Fiber

Gao

Xie

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…In recent years, various fiber-optic sensors have been reported, such as long-period fiber gratings [ 1 , 2 ], fiber Bragg gratings [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], Mach–Zehnder interferometer [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] and Michelson interferometer [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], etc. In 2020, JENS HØVIK et al [ 1 ] of Norwegian University developed a wavelength refractive index sensor based on long-period grating, and a response sensitivity of 5078 nm/RIU was measured from 1.33 RIU to 1.34 RIU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, Gao, X. et al [ 7 ] of Beijing Jiaotong University measured the refractive index and temperature at the same time based on MZI combined with coreless fiber and few-mode fiber; the refractive index sensitivity from 1.3707 RIU to 1.39809 RIU was 97 pm/RIU, 22.9 pm/RIU and 24.6 pm/RIU, respectively, and the temperature sensitivity from 35 °C to 55 °C was 162 pm/°C, 162 pm/°C and 194 pm/°C, respectively. In order to further improve the temperature and refractive index sensing performance of the sensor, in 2021, Siti Mahfuza, Saimon et al [ 6 ] from Universiti Malaysia proposed a novel fiber-optic sensor, which is composed of a section of single-mode silica rod–single-mode fiber structure cascaded to fiber Bragg grating, by monitoring the transmission spectrum; a sensitivity of 108.07 dBm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.45 RIU to 1.531 RIU and a sensitivity of 9.31 pm/°C from 35 °C to 85 °C was measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using Michelson Interferometer Based on Waist-Enlarged Fiber Bitaper

et al. 2022

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An all-fiber temperature and refractive dual-parameter-sensing Michelson interferometer is designed based on the waist-enlarged bitaper. At 5 mm from the fiber end, the waist-enlarged bitaper is manually spliced and the probe is formed. Since the input light encounters the waist-enlarged bitaper, it will excite high-order modes to transmit in the fiber cladding, and there will be an optical path difference between the basic mode and the higher-order mode. The light transmitted in the core and cladding is reflected upon encountering the fiber end face and the interference occurs due to the optical path difference between basic mode and higher-order mode. Changes in temperature and refractive index at the fiber probe can be detected by monitoring the interference fringes. The refractive response sensitivity is −191.06 dBm/RIU from 1.351 RIU to 1.4027 RIU, and the temperature response sensitivity is 0.12 nm/°C from 11 °C to 98 °C. Through the sensitivity matrix equation, the superimposed refractive index and temperature signals can be effectively demodulated. The sensor has the advantages of multi-parameter measurement, compact structure, low cost, easy fabrication and high reliability.

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“…To solve this problem, a method of simultaneously measuring temperature and other physical parameters has been proposed. In 2019, Gao et al proposed a three‐parameter optical fiber sensor based on MZI with hybrid structure optical fiber 23 . Meanwhile, Sun et al demonstrated a fiber MZI based on down‐taper and thin‐core fiber for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual parameter in‐line fiber Mach‐Zehnder interferometer based on few‐mode fiber

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This article proposes and demonstrates an in‐line fiber Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on few‐mode fiber for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index. The Mach‐Zehnder interferometer is fabricated by fusion splicing a section few‐mode fiber (FMF) between hollow fiber (HF) microsphere cavity and single mode fiber (SMF) sphere. Since the different sensitivity responses of the two resonance dips in the transmission spectrum, the proposed sensor can simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index by monitoring the wavelength shifts of the two resonance dips. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivities are 47.7 and 43.4 pm/°C within the temperature range from 30 to 80°C, respectively (red shift). The refractive index sensitivities are −21.41 and −30.11 nm/RIU when the refractive index changes from 1.330 to 1.394 RIU, respectively (blue shift). Furthermore, this sensor has excellent advantages of high extinction ratio, cost‐effective, ease of fabrication and compact structure, which make it competitive in the field of dual‐parameter sensing applications.

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Simultaneous measurement of refractive index, strain, and temperature based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with hybrid structure optical fiber

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Strain-Insensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Few-Mode Fiber and Photonic Crystal Fiber

Strain-Insensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Few-Mode Fiber and Photonic Crystal Fiber

Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using Michelson Interferometer Based on Waist-Enlarged Fiber Bitaper

Dual parameter in‐line fiber Mach‐Zehnder interferometer based on few‐mode fiber

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