Simultaneous nitrogen fixation and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis

Palamae, Suriya; Choorit, Wanna; Chatsungnoen, Tawan; Chisti, Yusuf

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.03.016

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Overall, our results show that Z. mobilis has the same molecular responses to nitrogen fixation as other diazotrophic organisms. A notable finding was that the ethanol-producing protein alcohol dehydrogenase was upregulated, which is consistent with prior studies showing that Z. mobilis can fix nitrogen efficiently without affecting ethanol production ( Kremer et al, 2015 ; Palamae et al, 2020 ; Alencar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Zymomonas mobilis , a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, is a promising candidate for industrial biofuel production with a suite of desirable characteristics ( Doelle et al, 1993 ; Sprenger, 1996 ; Kalnenieks, 2006 ; Panesar et al, 2006 ; Bai et al, 2008 ; Yang et al, 2009 , 2016 ; He et al, 2014 ; Martien et al, 2019 ; Todhanakasem et al, 2020 ). Zymomonas mobilis is capable to fix dinitrogen (N 2 ) efficiently without affecting ethanol production, which further increases its economic and environmental importance ( Kremer et al, 2015 ; Palamae et al, 2020 ). In comparison with other free-living diazotrophic bacteria, Z. mobilis has just a Mo-dependent nitrogen-fixing system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Analyses of Proteome and Acetylome in Zymomonas mobilis Under N2-Fixing Condition

et al. 2021

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Zymomonas mobilis, a promising candidate for industrial biofuel production, is capable of nitrogen fixation naturally without hindering ethanol production. However, little is known about the regulation of nitrogen fixation in Z. mobilis. We herein conducted a high throughput analysis of proteome and protein acetylation in Z. mobilis under N2-fixing conditions and established its first acetylome. The upregulated proteins mainly belong to processes of nitrogen fixation, motility, chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, energy production, transportation, and oxidation–reduction. Whereas, downregulated proteins are mainly related to energy-consuming and biosynthetic processes. Our acetylome analyses revealed 197 uniquely acetylated proteins, belonging to major pathways such as nitrogen fixation, central carbon metabolism, ammonia assimilation pathway, protein biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Further, we observed acetylation in glycolytic enzymes of central carbon metabolism, the nitrogenase complex, the master regulator NifA, and the enzyme in GS/GOGAT cycle. These findings suggest that protein acetylation may play an important role in regulating various aspects of N2-metabolism in Z. mobilis. This study provides new knowledge of specific proteins and their associated cellular processes and pathways that may be regulated by protein acetylation in Z. mobilis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analyses of Proteome and Acetylome in Zymomonas mobilis Under N2-Fixing Condition

et al. 2021

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“…As mentioned above, previous studies have suggested that activation of the N 2 -fixing mechanism in Z. mobilis could be economically relevant for bioethanol plants, which could use N 2 gas as a substitute for industrial fertilizers, during the production of second-generation ethanol [ 8 , 9 ]. Interestingly, the activation of N 2 fixation in Z. mobilis seems to favor glucose-to-ethanol conversion (instead of diverting this carbon source to biomass accumulation), resulting in more efficient ethanol/glucose ratios during fermentation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar situation can be verified with genes involved in general biosynthetic processes, with emphasis on amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis (Figure 3B and Supplementary Materials File S3B), as well as in catabolic processes involved in the degradation of such biomolecules (Figure 3C and Supplementary Materials File S3C). However, when the transcriptome profiles of AI-2 treated cells (at t = 16 h + AI-2 and/or at t = 20 h + AI-2) are compared with untreated controls (at t = 20 h), significant differences can be found in the expression profile of genes involved in: (i) cell membrane composition (Figure 3D and Supplementary Materials File S3D); (ii) locomotion (Figure 3E and Supplementary Materials File S3E); (iii) DNA repair (Figure 3F and Supplementary Materials File S3F); (iv) Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway (Figure 3G and Supplementary Materials File S3G) and (v) inorganic nutrient metabolism, with emphasis on nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation (Figure 3H and Supplementary Materials File S3H), a metabolic process that has been proposed to bear significant biotechnological potential for the bioethanol industry [8,9]. 2 into the 8 main functional/structural systems/subsystems defined in the ZM4 Pathway Genome Database (PGDB), available at BioCyc (panels A to H) (see text, for details).…”

Section: Metabolic and Structural Alterations Verified In Z Mobilis In Response To Cell Growth And The Presence Of Ai-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Z. mobilis is a diazotrophic ethanologenic bacterium, widely employed in the production of second-generation ethanol and other industrial bioconversion processes [ 7 ]. Interestingly, previous studies have suggested that activation of the bacterial N 2 -fixing mechanism could result in significant savings for the bioethanol industry, allowing atmospheric N 2 gas to be used as a nitrogen source, in substitution to industrial fertilizers [ 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, N 2 fixation in Z. mobilis seems to be coupled with reduced glucose-to-biomass and increased glucose-to-ethanol turnover ratios, suggesting that AI-2 may assist in the development of improved mechanisms for bioethanol production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation and Favors Ethanol Production over Biomass Accumulation in Zymomonas mobilis

Alencar

Silva

Boas

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Autoinducer 2 (or AI-2) is one of the molecules used by bacteria to trigger the Quorum Sensing (QS) response, which activates expression of genes involved in a series of alternative mechanisms, when cells reach high population densities (including bioluminescence, motility, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and production of public goods, or pathogenicity factors, among others). Contrary to most autoinducers, AI-2 can induce QS responses in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and has been suggested to constitute a trans-specific system of bacterial communication, capable of affecting even bacteria that cannot produce this autoinducer. In this work, we demonstrate that the ethanologenic Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis (a non-AI-2 producer) responds to exogenous AI-2 by modulating expression of genes involved in mechanisms typically associated with QS in other bacteria, such as motility, DNA repair, and nitrogen fixation. Interestingly, the metabolism of AI-2-induced Z. mobilis cells seems to favor ethanol production over biomass accumulation, probably as an adaptation to the high-energy demand of N2 fixation. This opens the possibility of employing AI-2 during the industrial production of second-generation ethanol, as a way to boost N2 fixation by these bacteria, which could reduce costs associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, without compromising ethanol production in industrial plants.

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Bioethanol production from sorghum grain with Zymomonas mobilis: increasing the yield and quality of raw distillates

et al. 2023

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BACKGROUND The present study aimed to demonstrate the superiority of bioethanol yield and its quality from sorghum using the granular starch degrading enzyme Stargen™ 002 over simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and separate hydrolysis and fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis CCM 3881 and Ethanol Red® yeast. RESULTS Bacteria were found to produce ethanol at higher yield than the yeast in all fermentations. The highest ethanol yield was obtained with Z. mobilis during 48 h of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (83.85% theoretical yield) and fermentation with Stargen™ 002 (81.27% theoretical yield). Pre‐liquefaction in fermentation with Stargen™ 002 did not improve ethanol yields for both Z. mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chromatographic analysis showed twice less total volatile compounds in distillates obtained after bacterial (3.29–5.54 g L−1) than after yeast (7.84–9.75 g L−1) fermentations. Distillates obtained after bacterial fermentation were characterized by high level of aldehydes (up to 65% of total volatiles) and distillates obtained after yeast fermentation of higher alcohols (up to 95% of total volatiles). The process of fermentation using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme cocktail Stargen™ 002 resulted in low amounts of all volatile compounds in distillates obtained after bacterial fermentation, but the highest amounts in distillates obtained after yeast fermentation. CONCLUSION The present study emphasizes the great potential of bioethanol production from sorghum with Z. mobilis using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme Stargen™ 002, which leads to reduced water and energy consumption, especially when energy sources are strongly related to global climate change. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Simultaneous nitrogen fixation and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Genome-Wide Analyses of Proteome and Acetylome in Zymomonas mobilis Under N2-Fixing Condition

Genome-Wide Analyses of Proteome and Acetylome in Zymomonas mobilis Under N2-Fixing Condition

The Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation and Favors Ethanol Production over Biomass Accumulation in Zymomonas mobilis

Bioethanol production from sorghum grain with Zymomonas mobilis: increasing the yield and quality of raw distillates

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