Simultaneous occurrence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by different genotypes of <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</i>

Hoyos, Carlos Lorenzo; Quipildor, Marcelo; Bracamonte, Estefanía; Lauthier, Juan José; Cajal, Pamela; Uncos, Alejandro; Korenaga, Masaaki; Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa; Barroso, Paola Andrea; Marco, Jorge Diego

doi:10.1111/1346-8138.14866

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, when recurrent ATL lesions of a patient from our study area were molecularly characterized, two genotypes of L. (V.) braziliensis were found, suggesting that these lesions indicate different infection events and the lack of protective immunity after a primary infection. 39 Regarding the annual distribution of ATL cases, epidemic periods were observed interspersed with interepidemic periods but without a defined pattern (Figure 1), which was attributed to plotting all cases from the IIET database without distinguishing among localities. When analyzing the case annual distribution for the main localities (SRNO, Hipolito Yrigoyen, and Pichanal), still no pattern was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Endemic Hotspot: A 35-Year History

Almazán,

Cajal,

Díaz-Fernández

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a neglected tropical disease affecting the skin and mucosa. American tegumentary leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is endemic in Argentina, where the Department of Oran is a hyperendemic focus. All cases of ATL with laboratory confirmation evaluated at a referral center in Oran city between 1985 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Information from cases included clinical form, lesion size and number, time of evolution, and anatomical location; sex, age, and geographic origin were also studied. The temporal distribution of cases was analyzed. A total of 3,573 cases were included in the analysis. The ratio of males to females was 3:1 and the median age was 33 years old. Eighty-seven percent of cases were from Oran city and its surroundings, highlighting the hyperendemic nature of the area. Regarding clinical forms, 92.5% of cases were cutaneous and 7.5% were mucosal, with a median evolution time until clinical evaluation of 30 days and 7 months, respectively. Single cutaneous lesions were more frequent, localized mainly on the exposed areas in the upper and lower limbs. Secondary events were observed and described in 140 (4%) cases, with a median interval of 3.8 years for the appearance of recurrent mucosal disease in previously cutaneous forms. This is the largest case series of ATL due to L. (V.) braziliensis. The most classic presentation is of adult males with single cutaneous ulcers in exposed body areas, with < 10% of cases with mucosal complications. This comprehensive clinical characterization serves as a basis for future studies of the care and control of this neglected tropical disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Endemic Hotspot: A 35-Year History

Almazán,

Cajal,

Díaz-Fernández

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…En Argentina, se reportó que entre 2013 al 2017, se confirmaron 1295 casos, de los cuales 87,1 % correspondían a LC. La LMC fue la segunda más frecuentes, con 115 casos reportados, principalmente den las regiones del norte y noreste de Argentina (Germano et al, 2019 La LMC generalmente ocurre después de la aparente resolución de la infección cutánea, aunque puede coexistir con afectación de la piel existiendo excepciones donde se manifiestan al mismo tiempo (Hoyos et al, 2019). Las lesiones mucosas normalmente se manifiestan dentro de los 2 años posteriores a la aparición cutánea, pero se describe incluso hasta 30 años posterior a la presentación cutánea (Montenegro-Idrogo et al, 2014;Handler et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea con Manifestacion Oral: Reporte de un Caso

Molina-Avila¹,

Pimentel-Sola²,

Bustos³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Odontostomat.

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RESUMEN: La Leishmaniasis es un grupo de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores y causada por la Leishmania, un parásito intracelular, que se presenta de preferencia en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Se manifiesta mediante un amplio rango de formas clínicas como la cutánea, mucocutánea, y visceral, dependiendo de la especie y respuesta inmunológica del paciente. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 35 años que acudió derivado a Unidad de Estomatología del Hospital Señor del Milagro, Salta, Argentina, presentando en la cavidad oral lesión, granulomatosa, ulcerada, dolorosa a la palpación, única, en paladar blando, de tres meses de evolución. Se realizaron estudios serológicos, parasitológicos y PCR. Los ELISAs lisados, PCRs y cultivos de materiales de lesiones fueron positivos, confirmando diagnóstico de leishmaniasis mucocutánea. El paciente fue derivado al Servicio de Dermatología donde recibió tratamiento con Antimoniato de Meglumina, con repuesta clínica favorable. El conocimiento de las manifestaciones orales puede llevar al diagnóstico clínico de leishmaniasis mucocutánea por parte del odontólogo, pudiendo entregar un tratamiento oportuno y a la vez ayudar al paciente, evitando complicaciones de esta enfermedad.

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“…The diversity of clinical forms of leishmaniasis caused by L. (V.) braziliensis and disease severity are related to the immune system (Fernandes et al, 2016), genetic factors, the clinical condition of the host (Quaresma et al, 2018), and the inoculum (Ribeiro-Romão et al, 2014) and strain of the parasite (Vieira et al, 2019); this species presents high levels of genetic polymorphism (Patino et al, 2020). Different strains found in the same region can cause different clinical forms (Guimarães et al, 2016;Quaresma et al, 2018;Rugani et al, 2018) and therapeutic responses (Fernandes et al, 2016;Gagini et al, 2017), even in the same patient (Hoyos et al, 2019). Lesions are destructive and principally affect the skin and mucus membranes in the oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts (Ministeŕio da Saúde, 2017;Conceicão-Silva and Morgado, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

Santos

Silva

Carneiro

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is one of the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. This species presents genetic polymorphism that can cause destructive lesions in oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts. In a previous study, the parasite caused several histopathological changes to hamster ileums. Our study evaluates immune response components, morphological changes, and effects on neurons in the ileums of hamsters infected by three different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis in two infection periods. For the experiment, we separated hamsters into four groups: a control group and three infected groups. Infected hamsters were euthanized 90- or 120-days post infection. We used three strains of L. (V.) braziliensis: the reference MHOM/BR/1975/M2903 and two strains isolated from patients who had different responses to Glucantime® treatment (MHOM/BR/2003/2314 and MHOM/BR/2000/1655). After laparotomy, ileums were collected for histological processing, biochemical analysis, and evaluation of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The results demonstrated the increase of blood leukocytes after the infection. Optical microscopy analysis showed histopathological changes with inflammatory infiltrates, edemas, ganglionitis, and Leishmania amastigotes in the ileums of infected hamsters. We observed changes in the organ histoarchitecture of infected hamsters when compared to control groups, such as thicker muscular and submucosa layers, deeper and wider crypts, and taller and broader villi. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and TGF-β-immunoreactive cells increased in all infected groups when compared to the control groups. Mast cells increased with longer infection periods. The infection also caused remodeling of intestinal collagen and morphometry of myenteric and submucosal plexus neurons; but this effect was dependent on infection duration. Our results show that L. (V.) braziliensis infection caused time-dependent alterations in hamster ileums. This was demonstrated by the reduction of inflammatory cells and the increase of tissue regeneration factors at 120 days of infection. The infected groups demonstrated different profiles in organ histoarchitecture, migration of immune cells, and morphometry of ENS neurons. These findings suggest that the small intestine (or at least the ileum) is a target organ for L. (V.) braziliensis infection, as the infection caused changes that were dependent on duration and strain.

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Simultaneous occurrence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by different genotypes of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical Presentation of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Endemic Hotspot: A 35-Year History

Clinical Presentation of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Endemic Hotspot: A 35-Year History

Leishmaniasis Mucocutánea con Manifestacion Oral: Reporte de un Caso

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

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