Simultaneous Operations of Pregrouting and Shaft Drilling in Shaft Construction

Abstract

In shaft construction, conducting shaft drilling and pregrouting simultaneously is expected to speed up the sinking rate and save the cost. Reasonable determination of the spatial locations of the drilled shaft and grouting holes and proper defining of the start time of each construction work are the crucial techniques. To smoothly execute the simultaneous operations, the bedrock to be grouted is divided into two sections. The upper bedrock is injected first using straight grouting holes to act as a tight cover to protect shaft drilling. Then, the lower formations are grouted using S-shaped grouting holes, which are performed simultaneously with shaft drilling. The construction time of simultaneous operations of pregrouting for the lower bedrock using S-shaped holes and shaft drilling is the saved time. The main technical challenges include the stability of grouting holes and safety of shaft walls, as well as the disposal of the contaminative waste drilling mud. The stability of grouting holes which might affect by the shaft drilling-induced ground vibration could be evaluated according to the penetration of ground vibration caused by TBM tunnelling. If the grouting hole is in the range of ground vibration, protective measures including casing and ground improvement should be utilized to ensure the stability of grouting holes. The stability of unlined walls of the drilled shaft caused by the increased groundwater pressure can be achieved by a tight cover between the drilled shaft and pregrouting holes. The thickness of the cover is actually the length of the straight holes. The cover should have sufficient thickness and impermeability, which can considerably reduce or even completely stop the increased groundwater pressure in vicinity of the drilled shaft. The thickness and permeability of the cover could be determined using Maag’s solution for penetration of grouts in porous media. On the other hand, the waste drilling mud with proper modifications can be reutilized to prepare clay-cement-like grouts, which could provide an eco-friendly and cheap solution to harmlessly treat the huge volume of waste drilling mud. The properties of waste drilling mud and behaviors of grouts prepared using the waste mud should be experimentally investigated before reutilization, owing to uncertainties of geology in various cases. The construction time using the simultaneous operation method is just about 60% of that of the traditional excavation method, and the low value of measured residual water inflow shows the reliability of reusing the waste drilling mud as grouting materials. The proposed method could virtually improve the shaft sinking rate and save the construction cost. The principles developed for these technical challenges have been proved to be applicable in practices, which are believed to strongly support the applicability of this new method in other cases.

Bearing Capacity of a Concrete Grouting Pad on the Working Surface of a Highway Tunnel Shaft

“…Kipko [19] illustrated the engineering practical experience of successful water plugging by surface pumping grouting with an example from the flooded accident of the abandoned shafts of a coal mine in the former Czechoslovakian area. Xu et al [20] studied the technology of the simultaneous operation technique of the mechanical shaft boring construction and surface deep-hole grouting for vertical shafts in deep alluvial formations, proposing safety measures that can be implemented.…”